宾语从句讲解课件41994

MainlyRevisionObjectClauses宾语从句张丽华一．教学任务复习宾语从句二．教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化三.教学难点1.if与whether的区别2.when与if引导的宾语从句和状语从句3.宾语从句与简单句的互换问题一:什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词（动词词组）后。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）HowishegettingalongwithhisEnglish?Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Iaminterestedinplayingpiano.Heboughtmeapen.(双宾语）Wekeepitasecret.Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）.宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句试比较问题二:什么是宾语从句?Healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays.Hetalkedofhowhehelpedtheoldman.Iamsure(that)youlookednicethatevening.Heisafraid(that)hecan’tgotonight.Ithink(that)yourclothesfitwell.Hecouldn’ttellmewherehishomewas.DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClausesWeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态呼应陈述语序thatif/whether特殊疑问词连接词+主语+谓语+其他1.（that）+陈述句Hethinks,“Lucylikesschool.”Hethinks(that）Lucylikesschool.2.if/whether+一般疑问句Heasked,“WasLucylateagain?”HeaskedifLucywaslateagain.3.特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句Heasksme,“WhenwillLucycome?”HeasksmewhenLucywillcome.that１．当陈述句充当宾语时，由____连接练一练1.Thisisabook.-----Iknow2.Youlikesinging.-----Shesays3.Heworkedlastnight.---Iknow4.Theywillgohome.---TellLucy主句(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknow．Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.２当一般疑问句充当宾语，由________连接if/whether练一练1.Ishereading?1）Wasshelateyesterday?2.DoesTomworkhard?2)DidyouwatchTV?3.Willtheyreadbooks?3)Canyousing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether•注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：1.与ornot连用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.2.在介词之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.3.在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.4.作主语只能用whetherWhetherhewillcomeisnotdecided.3.当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由________连接．Eg:1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?特殊疑问词练一练1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…HelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.三.宾语从句的语序---陈述语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?ThereisabanknearhereItisonFifthAvenueTheyaredoinghomework4.Doessheworkinahospital?5.DidyougotoCenterPark?6.Dowehavetowearauniform?sheworksinahospitalyouwenttoCenterParkwehavetowearauniformwecanwearhatsinschool7.Canwewearhatsinschool?8.Where’syourpenpalfrom?9.Wheredoeshelive?10.Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?11.Whydoyoulikepandas?WhereyourpenpalisfromWherehelivesWhatlanguageshespeaksWhyyoulikepandas将下列问句变成陈述句1.Whotellsyouthenews?→Canyoutellme2.Whichisthewaytothebank?→Iwanttoknow3.What'swrongwithyou?→Iwonder4.Whathappenedtoyou?→Heaskedme5.Whichisthewaytothestation?→Pleasetellme.?想一想为什么这些句子的语序不变？四.宾语从句的时态变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.Hesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghadfinished确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)work主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态由从句决定一般过去时一般现在时work一般过去时worked一般过去时worked过去完成时hadworked一般将来时willwork过去将来时wouldwork现在进行时isworking过去进行时wasworking现在完成时haveworked过去完成时hadworked3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比比一比Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句←→疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间)宾从主五.宾语从句与简单句的转换①②练一练1.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句→Idon’tknow____________next.2.Johndidn’tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）→Johndidn’tdecide_____________.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）→Canyoutellme____________thebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）→CanyoutellLucy_____________theMP5.WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuse1.Couldyoutellmewegettotheplace?A．howB．whetherC．whereD．what2.Theteachersaysshewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.A．ifB．whoC．thatD．what3.Iamnotsure____hewillcometomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.who4.---Doyouremember___hecame?---Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.ifAC解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词Exercises:BA5.Doyouknowhowmuch