论中小企业营销战略

论中小企业营销战略[摘要]中小企业具有规模小、环境适应性强的营销特点。在目前环境下，中小企业应树立市场导向、灵活应变、认准目标市场、富有个性的营销理念，采取市场细分、目标市场选择与市场定位和市场营销组合的策略；要解放思想，克服短期行为，在激烈的国际竞争中争得一席之地。本文从市场营销战略的理念出发，分析了中小企业的市场营销战略的发展态势和中小企业的市场营销战略模式，并给出了中小企业的市场营销战略具体选择。[关键词]中小企业，市场营销，营销战略2目录前言··········································································11中小企业的市场营销理念·····················································21.1.坚持市场导向··························································21.2.增强应变能力··························································21.3.认准目标市场··························································21.4.营销方式个性化························································22、中小企业的市场营销特点·····················································32.1、规模小，环境适应性强·················································32.2贴近顾客，产品天生市场需求·············································32.3、专攻一门，独树一帜·····················································32.4.技术上勇于创新，产品更新换代快·········································32.5就地加工就地销售，节省营销费用·········································32.6、竞争力相对较弱，易受市场及外部条件冲击·································43、中小企业的市场营销战略模式分析··············································53.1.隙缝营销战略···························································53.2.卫星营销战略···························································53.3.两种模式的比较························································54、中小企业的市场营销战略的发展态势···········································64.1、.现状分析···························································64.2.存在的问题···························································64.2.1经营管理思想保守落后。············································64.2.2市场营销战略缺乏科学的理论指导。··································64.2.3市场营销人员素质不高，专业技术水平低。·····························65、中小企业的营销战略模式选择················································75.1、市场补缺者战略·······················································75.2、无品牌战略···························································75.3、专精战略·····························································75.4、产品差异战略·························································85.5、资源聚焦战略··························································85.6、市场领先战略··························································85.7、蓝海圈定战略：·························································85.8、价值分配战略··························································85.9、价值提升战略··························································85.10、人力指挥战略·························································96、营销战略的制定·····························································106.1中小企业营销战略制定的内容:··········································106.1.1市场细分战略····················································106.1.2目标市场选择与市场定位··········································106.1.3市场营销组合战略1.产品策略······················································102.定价策略······················································113.分销渠道策略··················································113结论·······································································12参考文献····································································13附录1·······································································14附录2·······································································184前言随着新世纪的到来，全球经济的显著特征就是企业朝多元化、一体化发展，在发展的同时，改革与创新也不断的深入，其涉足的领域更广，竞争更为激烈。在瞬息万变的市场经济中，繁荣与衰败、取胜与出局，更换交替，不断轮回，其间唯一不变的活跃因素便是营销。因为不管市场经济如何推动企业发展，企业自身的营销理念才是生存之本，它决定一切，主宰企业兴衰。51、中小企业的市场营销理念1.1.坚持市场导向中小企业要顺应消费者的变化，以消费者需求为中心，不仅做到“我跟着市场走”，更要做到“市场跟我走”。企业产品的设计、价格、分销与促销活动都应以消费需求为出发点，并采取正确的营销方式满足消费者的需求。1.2.增强应变能力中小企业应利用规模小、环境适应性强及应变能力强的优势，积极发现市场机会，抓住时机进行产品结构调整和资金转移，做到“人无我有、人有我优、人优我新、人新我转”，只有如此，才能适应市场的变化，在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。1.3.认准目标市场。消费需求的多样性使任何企业都不能满足消费者的所有需求，同样，企业资源的有限性使任何企业都没有能力满足消费者的所有需求。对资本实力、生产能力较弱的中小企业来说，既不可能去占有一个大市场，也不能分散力量于多个细分市场，而只能在分析市场环境和自身条件的前提下，把有限的资源投入认准的目标市场。1.4.营销方式个性化。中小企业规模小、实力有限决定了中小企业不宜采用大众化的营销方式同大企业直接竞争。中小企业应遵循财富增值规律，采用专利经营、优质服务、薄利多销等富于个性的营销方式，以特色经营、优势营销去占领市场。2、中小企业的市场营销特点2.1、规模小，环境适应性强。中小企业所需的资金和技术条件较低，投入少、见效快，可选择的经营项目较多，因此进入市场比较容易，经营手段灵活多样，适应性强。同时，中小企业可根据市场变化较快地6调整产业产品结构、改变生产方向，迅速转产转行，从而较快地适应市场的需求。所有这些，充分体现了中小企业反应快，应变能力强的特点。这些对中小企业捕捉市场机会、调整产品结构或业务范围是一个有利条件。但这也往往使得一些中小企业由于没有—个明确的战略定位，盲目跟着市场走，市场上热销什么，就上马什么，哪怕是虎口夺食也在所不惜。这些企业很难取得竞争优势和自己的专业特色。相当多的中小企业由于缺少稳定的业务发展方向，忽视对市场的深入研究，只是抓住市场的表面或短期变化即匆匆作出决策，并常常因短视而使得企业陷入困境。2.2贴近顾客，产品天生市场需求。管理结构简单、层次少，经营者与客户直接接触，熟悉并了解市场、企业大多是根据市场需求提供产品或服务，具有自发的市场导向。这对中小企业的生存和发展起到了关键性的作用。或许正是由于“了解”市场，使得许多中小企业忽视对市场需求的深层研究和数量把握，导致决策科学性差。由此也导致—些中小企业的经营者过分偏爱自己的产品，往往忽视产品、技术和服务创新、缺乏市场竞争力，这种初级“市场导向”常常限制了中小企业的发展。2.3、专攻一门，独树一帜。中小企业实力较弱，往往无法经营多种产品以分散风险，但是可以集中兵力，通过选择能使企业发挥自身优势的细分市场来进行专业化的经营。小企业大多是各攻一门专业技术，不搞小而全、善搞小而特、小而专、小而优。这是小企业赖以生存和发展的诀窍之一。小企业总是利用反应快、应变能力强的优势，出奇不意地推出新产品，去占领新市场、赢得消费者。这就是中小企业的“小而专、小而精’战略。专注于小的、特殊的细分市场，是许多成功中小企业的一个主要特征。在那里，中小企业往往是惟一的产品和技术的提供者。该市场的特点是：与人们的生活方式有关密切的关系，产品有个性，产品款式、材料、结构变化很快；无需进行有组织的研究开发和产品测试，因为该产业更加接近用户。由于该产业的上述特点，难以引起大企业的兴趣或者大企业根本不适合进入该产业，因此就成为中小企业驰骋的大地。“小而专、小而特”的策略也有利于中小企业避开自己财力较弱的不足，避免打价格战，另辟路径，寻找一条适合自身发展的道路。2.4.技术上勇于创新，产品更新换代快。小企业十分重视技术创新，善于运用新技术、新工艺、新材料，促进产品的更新换代。我国大部分的技术专利是由中小企业开发研制并注册的。小企业是一