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专题五动词时态和语态常考点在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/aredone一般过去时was/were/didwas/weredone现在完成时has/havedonehas/havebeendone现在完成进行时has/havebeendoing/现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone过去完成时haddonehadbeendone将来完成时will/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendone一般将来时will/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/arecoming/leavingam/is/aretodoam/is/areabouttodowill/shallbedoneam/is/aretobedone过去将来时woulddowasgoingtodowascoming/leavingwastodowasabouttodowouldbedonewas/weretobedone将来进行时will/shallbedoing/1一般现在时一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空：①I'llgothereafterI________(finish)mywork.②Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures________(take)．③Mytrain________(leave)at6：30.④Asnow________(expect)tocomenextweek.⑤Onthewall________(hang)apicture.⑥Thiskindofcloth________(wash)well.⑦Don'ttakeitaway.It________(belong)tome.⑧Hesaidwater________(boil)at100℃.【答案】①finish②aretaken③leaves④isexpected⑤hangs⑥washes⑦belongs⑧boils2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，justnow，lastyear，theotherday等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，inthepast/lastyears，just，recent(ly)，lately，sofar＝uptonow＝upuntilnow＝bynow，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：①HehaslivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在还住在伦敦)HelivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在不在伦敦了)②It'stwoyearssincehesmoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)It'stwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)③Thisisthefirst/second/...time(that)Ihave_visitedtheschool.Thiswasthefirst/second/...timeIhad_visitedtheschool.④Hewaswritingabooklastyear.(去年他在写一本书)Hewroteabooklastyear.(去年他写了一本书)⑤IthoughthewasanAmerican.(我原以为他是美国人)IthinkheisanAmerican.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空：①—Ihaven'tseenyouforages.Haven'tyougraduatedfromcollege?—Yes.I________(study)EnglishforfouryearsinNanjingUniversity.②Where________you________(put)mybook?Ican'tfinditanywhere.③Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears，he________(notleave)usmuchimpression.④Mybrotherisanactor.He________(appear)inseveralfilmsinthepastfewyears.⑤—LiPinmaynotcometonight.—Buthe________(promise)．【答案】①studied②have；put③hasn'tleft④hasappeared⑤promised3过去完成时和将来完成时过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：bythen，bythattime，bytheendof，before2000，bythetime，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和nosooner...than...[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：①Ihadhoped/expected/meant/intended/...todo...，but...＝Ihoped/expected/...tohavedone...，but...＝Iwouldlike/lovetohavedone...，but...＝Iwastohavedone...，but...＝Iwasgoingtodo...，but...＝Iwouldhavedone...，but...②Iwascoming/leaving/arriving/...,but...将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：Theywillhavecompletedtheprojectbytheendofnextyear.用所给词的适当形式填空：①Helen________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.②I________(hope)tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning，butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.③Bythetimehe________(return)home，theworkhadbeenfinished.Bythetimehereturnshome，thework____________(finish)．④WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid－July，andbythenwe____________(walk)forsixweeks.【答案】①hadleft；came②hadhoped③returned;willhavebeenfinished④willhavewalked4现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：①—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms____________(paint)．②Myfather________(fall)whilehe________(ride)hisbicycleand________(hurt)himself.③—Whyarehereyesred?—She____________(cry)．④He____________(fly)overtheAtlanticatthistimetomorrow.⑤You________always________(watch)TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?⑥—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No，butwe________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.【答案】①arebeingpainted②fell；wasriding；hurt③hasbeencrying④willbeflying⑤are；watching⑥havebeentrying5一般将来时注意区别willdo，begoingtodo，beabouttodo，bedoing，betodo：①willdo表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；②begoingtodo表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；③beabouttodo表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；⑤betodo表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.Theplane________(take)off.②Lookatthetimetable.Flight4026________(take)offat18：20.③Ifyou____________(succeed)，youshouldworkhard.④Lookatthedarkclouds.It____________(rain)．⑤—Thelightisstillon.—Sorry.I________(go)andturnitoff.【答案】①istaking②takes③aretosucceed④isgoingtorain⑤willgo6get＋过去分词“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Thepatient________(treat)onceaweek.②Hefelloffthebuildingand________(kill)．【答案】①getstreated/istreated②gotkilled/waskilled7主动形式表示被动意义需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；②当cut，read，sell，wear，write等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；③measure，weigh，addupto后接数字时；④在“be＋形容词＋todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theproblemiseasytosolve.⑤need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于tobedone。如：Thewatchneedsrepairing.Hede