我国环境责任保险制度分析

课程设计论文题目我国环境责任保险制度分析姓名许重阳学号0910931144所在学院经济与政法学院专业班级09保险1指导教师李娟老师日期2012年06月13日我国环境责任保险制度分析摘要随着世界经济一体化进程的不断推进和我国改革开放的不断深化，我国市场经济建设取得了显著成效，工业化进程有了极大的提高，但是与此同时，环境污染问题和生态破坏问题日益突出，对人民的生产和生活造成严重影响，在一定程度上也阻碍了我国经济与社会的可持续发展的进程，同时也与建设和谐社会的要求不符。环境责任保险是责任保险制度与环境侵权制度相结合的典范之一，是风险责任社会化在环境侵权领域的最新发展。这种风险救济机制，不仅可以为投保人转移责任风险，而且还可以及时为受害人提供保护。但是环境责任保险在我国尚处于起步阶段，险种和承保范围等相对局限。本论文通过对我国环境责任保险制度的现状及问题分析等问题的研究，以期为我国环境责任保险制度的发展完善提供基本思路。关键词：环境责任保险，现状，问题分析，完善建议TheAnalysisofChina'sEnvironmentalLiabilityInsuranceAbstractWiththedevelopmentofworldeconomicintegrationandChina’sreformandopeningup,wehavemadegreatprogressandachievedremarkableachievementsespeciallyintheindustrialization.However,environmentalpollutionandecologicaldamagehavebecameincreasinglyprominent,whichseverelyaffectpeople’slifeandproductionandalsohinderChina’seconomicandsocialprogressofsustainabledevelopmenttosomeextent.Andtheseareinconsistentwiththerequirementsofbuildingaharmonioussociety.Environmentalliabilityinsuranceisoneimportantexampleofacombinationoftheliabilityinsurancesystemandenvironmentaltortsystem,whichisthelatestdevelopmentinthefieldofenvironmenttort.Itcouldnotonlytransfertheliabilityrisksofthepolicyholder,butalsoprovideprotectiontovictimsintime.However，environmentalliabilityinsuranceisstillinitsinfancyinChina.InordertoobtaintheperfectionsofenvironmentalliabilityinsurancesysteminChina,throughthestatusandproblemsofenvironmentalliabilityinsurancesysteminChinaandsoon,IcouldprovidethetrainofthoughtandsuggestionsfortheperfectionsoftheenvironmentalliabilityinsurancesysteminChina.Keywords:EnvironmentalLiabilityInsurance,Status,Problems,Suggestions目录摘要·································································································IAbstract···························································································II目录···························································································III1绪论··························································································-1-2我国环境责任保险发展的现状·························································-2-2.1我国环境责任保险的发展实施阶段···········································-2-2.2现阶段我国环境责任保险发展的试点情况·································-3-2.2.1各试点地区政府和环保部门的推动情况····························-3-2.2.2保险公司开展环境责任保险产品及承保情况······················-4-2.2.3企业对环境责任保险的反映情况·····································-5-3我国环境责任保险制度存在的问题分析·············································-6-3.1环境责任保险制度本身设计方面的问题分析······························-6-3.1.1我国环境责任保险险种较少···········································-6-3.1.2我国环境责任保险承保范围过于狭窄·······························-6-3.1.3我国环境责任保险责任范围较为狭窄·······························-7-3.1.4我国环境责任保险费率的确定缺乏科学性·························-7-3.2环境责任保险制度外部环境方面的问题分析······························-8-3.2.1我国环境责任保险相关法律法规不健全····························-8-3.2.2我国环境污染企业缺乏诚信意识可能引发道德风险·············-8-3.2.3我国公民和环境污染企业缺乏环境保护意识······················-8-3.2.4我国公民的环境权利观念淡薄········································-9-4我国环境责任保险制度的完善建议·················································-10-4.1我国环境责任保险制度本身设计方面的完善建议径···················-10-4.1.1保险险种的完善························································-10-4.1.2承保范围的完善························································-10-4.1.3关于环境责任保险责任范围和除外责任的完善··················-11-4.1.4保险费率的厘定·························································-11-4.2我国环境责任保险制度外部环境方面的完善····························-12-4.2.1完善环境责任保险相关法律体系···································-12-4.2.2增强环境污染企业诚信意识、防范道德风险····················-12-4.2.3提高公民和环境污染企业的环保意识·····························-13-4.2.4强化公民环境权利观念···············································-13-5结束语·····················································································-15-参考文献·····················································································-16-课程设计评阅意见········································································-17--1-1绪论所谓的环境责任保险制度指的是当发生环境污染和破坏事故时，由保险人按照环境责任保险合同的约定，代替被保险人向环境污染的受害人支付赔偿金的一种保险形式。环境责任保险制度在我国的建立有重要意义：首先，环境责任保险制度有利于各生产企业增强抵抗环境风险的能力，促进经济的发展。建立环境污染责任保险制度以后，企业就可以参加环境污染责任保险，一旦发生环境污染事故，企业的赔偿责任就可以由保险公司来承担，这样就可以增强企业抵抗环境风险的能力，而且还将更加有助于社会和经济的稳步发展；其次，开展环境责任保险制度将有助于对环境进行保护；然后，开展环境责任保险将有利于加强企业环境管理，以降低环境污染事故发生的频率。当企业投保环境污染事故责任保险以后，保险公司就会督促该企业改善环境管理设施和方式，加强对环境污染治理，以达到降低发生环境污染事故风险的目的，这样将会更加有利于企业环境管理水平的提高和企业环境保护责任心的加强，从而减少环境污染事故的发生以及对环境造成的危害；再次，环境责任保险制度将有利于社会保障制度的完善，并实现社会的和谐发展。在我国建立环境责任保险制度，是对我国现行的社会保障制度的一种补充和完善，它对于保障相关参与人的权益、维护社会环境的安定以及维持良好的经济运行环境，降低环境污染事故的危害和减少环境纠纷的发生都有着极其重要的意义，同时，它对于构建和谐社会也有着极大的推动作用；最后，环境责任保险制度有利于我国保险业的发展以及壮大。自我国改革开放以来，保险业已经取得了很大的成就，各种各样的保险品种层出不穷，截止到2003年底，保险总资产在我国已经达到了一万亿元人民币，但是跟国外很多大的保险公司相比，我国的保险业还是比较落后，而且也还面临着很多问题。在我国全面建立环境责任保险制度将会为我国保险业的进一步发展注入新的动力，并将有利于我国保险业的业务范围的扩大，使我国的保险业取得进一步的发展壮大。-2-2我国环境责任保险发展的现状2.1我国环境责任保险的发展实施阶段国外环境责任保险发展起步于上世纪60、70年代，相比而言我国环境责任保险发展则较晚，环境责任保险的发展在我国大致可分为两个阶段：第一阶段是20世纪90年代初，我国的保险公司与地方环保部门合作，在大连、沈阳、长春、吉林等城市开始试点，主要对于偶然、突发性的环境污染污染承保。由于承保范围过窄且保费率较高，试点期间只有几十家企业投保，市场范围较小，赔付率也较低。后来到90年代中后期该产品退出了市场。第二阶段以2007年12月，环境保护部与中国保监会联合出台《关于环境污染责任保险工作的指导意见》为标志，正式启动了我国环境责任保