SHRM Learning System Design A Guide to Creating Ef

LearningSyStemDeSignSHRMFoundation’sEffectivePracticeGuidelinesSeriesAGuidetoCreAtinGeffeCtiveLeArninGinitiAtivesbyRaymondA.Noe,Ph.D.AGuiDetoCReAtiNGeffeCtiveLeARNiNGiNitiAtivesLearningSystemDesignSHRMFounDation’SEFFEctivEPRacticEGuiDELinESSERiESThispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationregardingthesubjectmattercovered.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorisengagedinrenderinglegalorotherprofessionalservice.Iflegaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetent,licensedprofessionalshouldbesought.Anyfederalandstatelawsdiscussedinthisbookaresubjecttofrequentrevisionandinterpretationbyamendmentsorjudicialrevisionsthatmaysignificantlyaffectemployeroremployeerightsandobligations.Readersareencouragedtoseeklegalcounselregardingspecificpoliciesandpracticesintheirorganizations.ThisbookispublishedbytheSHRMFoundation,anaffiliateoftheSocietyforHumanResourceManagement(SHRM©).Theinterpretations,conclusionsandrecommendationsinthisbookarethoseoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheSHRMFoundation.©2009SHRMFoundation.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispublicationmaynotbereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinwholeorinpart,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheSHRMFoundation,1800DukeStreet,Alexandria,VA22314.TheSHRMFoundationisthe501(c)3nonprofitaffiliateoftheSocietyforHumanResourceManagement(SHRM).TheSHRMFoundationmaximizestheimpactoftheHRprofessiononorganizationaldecision-makingandperformancebypromotinginnovation,education,researchandtheuseofresearch-basedknowledge.TheFoundationisgovernedbyavolunteerboardofdirectors,comprisingdistinguishedHRaca-demicandpracticeleaders.ContributionstotheSHRMFoundationaretaxdeductible.VisittheFoundationonlineat:ConductaNeedsAssessment9Step2:DetermineReadinessforLearning9Step3:CreateaLearningEnvironment11Step4:EnsureTransferofTraining11Step5:DevelopanEvaluationPlan16Step6:ChoosetheLearningMethod20Step7:MonitorandEvaluateLearning21ConclusionandFutureChallenges23References27GlossaryofTerms33SourcesandSuggestedReadingsvDearColleague:In2004,theSHRMFoundationdevelopedoneofthebestresourcesavailableforbusyHRprofessionalslikeyou.Recognizingthatyouhavelittletimetokeepupwithresultsofacademicresearch—and,let’sfaceit,someofitischallengingtowadethroughaswell—wecreatedtheEffectivePracticeGuidelinesseries.ThisseriesintegratesthelatestresearchfindingsandexpertopiniononhowtoconducteffectiveHRpracticeintoaveryaccessiblepublication.ThegoaloftheseriesistoletyouknowwhichHRpracticeshavebeenshownbyresearchtobeeffectiveinordertohelpyouinyourroleasanHRprofessional.Withthatgoalinmind,theSHRMFoundationpublishesnewreportsannuallyondifferentHRtopics.Pastreports,availableonlineat“SourcesandSuggestedReadings”sectionasaconvenientreferencetool.OurvisionfortheSHRMFoundationisto“maximizetheimpactoftheHRprofessiononorganizationaldecision-makingandperformancebypromotinginnovation,education,researchandtheuseofresearch-basedknowledge.”TheFoundationalsoisstrategicallyfocusedoninitiativesdesignedtohelporganizationsmaximizeleadershiptalent.WeareconfidentthattheEffectivePracticeGuidelinesseriestakesusonestepclosertomakingourvisionareality.Feelfreetoletusknowhowwearedoing!MaryA.Gowan,Ph.D.Chair,SHRMFoundationResearchApplicationsCommitteeDeanandProfessorofBusinessAdministrationElonUniversityForewordviiAcknowledgmentsTheSHRMFoundationisgratefulfortheassistanceofthefollowingindividualsinproducingthisreport:contenteditorJudyClark,SPHR,CPCPresidentHRAnswers,Inc.reviewersErichDierdorff,Ph.D.AssistantProfessorDePaulUniversityStevenGinsburghSr.VicePresidentHRandWorkforceDevelopmentUniversalWeatherandAviationMeganK.Leasher,Ph.D.ProjectConsultantHRChallyGroupEricSurfacePrincipalSWAConsulting,Inc.ProjectManagerBethM.McFarland,CAEManager,SpecialProjectsSHRMFoundationMajorfundingfortheEffectivePracticeGuidelinesseriesisprovidedbytheHRCertificationInstituteandtheSocietyforHumanResourceManagement.ixAbouttheAuthor:RaymondNoeProfessorNoeholdstheRobertandAnneHoytDesignatedProfessorshipinManagement&HumanResourcesattheOhioStateFisherCollegeofBusiness.Heisoneoftheforemostacadem