英美国家概况 Chapter 13

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica英语国家概况英语国家概况Chapter13LiteratureTheUnitedStatesofAmerica英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheColonialandRevolutionaryPeriodsITheRomanticPeriodIITheRealisticPeriodIIITheNaturalisticPeriodIVTheModernPeriodVCONTENTTheContemporaryPeriodVIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheColonialandRevolutionaryPeriodsI1.2FeatureintheRevolutionaryPeriod1.3Representativefiguresandworks1.1FeatureintheColonialPeriodForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1TheColonialPeriod(1607-1775)Q1:WhowerethefirstAmericans?HowdidtheycometoAmerica?Q2:WhatistheinfluenceofpluralismonAmericanliterature?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1TheColonialPeriod(1607-1775)(cont.)CharacterofWritings—religious,practical,orhistorical.AmericanPuritanism—majortopicstressespredestination(预言)originalsintotaldepravity(堕落)limitedatonement(赎罪)orthesalvation(拯救)ofaselectedfewwhowouldreceiveGod’sgrace.Discussion:ComparetheAmericanPuritanismwithChineseConfucianism.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.2TheRevolutionaryPeriodrepresentativework—ThomasJefferson’sDeclarationofIndependence.CharacterofDeclarationofIndependencerhetorical(带修辞色彩的)vigorrefineddiction(措辞)polishedstyleardentlongingforfreedomQ:HowwasAmericanliteratureforwardedintheRevolutionaryPeriod?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3RepresentativeFigures1.3.2BenjaminFranklin1.3.1JonathanEdwardsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3.1JonathanEdwardsreligiousidealismpowerfulsermons(布道)—preachingthepuritanideasandcondemningpeople’sdepravity.best-knownwork—“SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod”(1741).initiatingtheGreatAwakeningMovementtorevivePuritanism.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAlmanac—publishedcontinuouslyforalmostaquarterofacentury.adages(格言)andsayings“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”“Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”1.3.1JonathanEdwards(cont.)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3.2BenjaminFranklinlevelheaded(头脑冷静的)commonsenseacompletelyworldlyman;astatesman,ambassador,scientist,essayistaswell.PoorRichard’sAlmanac—bothaliteraryachievementandaprofitablebusiness.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3.2BenjaminFranklin(cont.)Autobiography—mostfamouswork.“thefaithfulaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica’sfirstself-mademan”—risingfrompovertyandobscurity(身份低微)towealthandfame.Autobiography—arecordofspiritualgrowthinadditiontoself-examinationandself-improvement.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheRomanticPeriod(1790-1865)II2.2WritersofFiction2.3WritersofPoetry2.1Feature2.4QuestionsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.1FeatureAmericanRenaissance.CharacterofAmericanwritingsfreeexpressionofemotions,attentiontothepsychic(精神的)statesoftheircharacter.exalted(赞美)theindividualandthecommonman.revealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownandgrewonthenativelands.BestRepresentivesWashingtonIrving&JamesFennimoreCooperWaltWhiteman&EmilyDickinsonForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WritersofFictionJamesFennimoreCooperEdgarAllanPoeHermanMelvilleRalphWaldoEmersonWashingtonIrvingNathanielHawthorne2.2.12.2.22.2.32.2.42.2.62.2.5ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.1WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)“thefatherofAmericanliterature”thefirsttowriteusingthelocalcolorandthedetailsinhisworks.symbolismtothethemes.RipVanWinkleandTheLegendofSleepyHollow—mostfamousstories.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.2JamesFennimoreCooper(1789-1851)twogreatfiguresofAmericanmythology:thebravefrontiersmanandtheboldIndian.authorofthe“LeatherStockingTales”—aseriesoffivenovelsThePioneers(1823)TheLastoftheMohicans(1826)ThePrairie(1827)ThePathfinder(1840)TheDeerslayer(1841)frontiersmanhero—NattyBumpporepresentingtheidealAmerican.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.3RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)chiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism—summitofAmericanRomanticism.definedas“therecognitioninmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,orofattainingknowledgetranscendingthereachofthesenses”.Hisessayshaveacasualstyle.Thebest—NatureandEssaysForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.4NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)adescendantofPuritanimmigrants.apioneerinpsychologicaldescription.wroteasamoralist;triedtofindouthowmenreactedintheirmindwhentheyfoundtheyhaddonesomethingwrong;exposedtheevilsofthesocietybydescribingthepsychologicalactivitiesofhumanbeings.mostfamousnovel—TheScarletLetterotherworksTheHouseofSevenGables(1851)TheBlithedaleRomance(1852)TheMarbleFaun(1860)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.5EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)alonelywriterbothinlifeandliteraturehistory.literaryoutput:poetry,shortstories,andreviewsforliteraryworks.strangethemeandstylemakehimanoutsiderofthemaincurrentofAmericanliterature.foreignersacclaimedhimasgeniusmasterpiecesTheRaven(1845)TheFalloftheHouseofUsher(1839)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2.6HermanMelville(1819-1891)fame—establishedonMobyDick.acknowledgedasoneoftheworld’sgreatmasterpieces.theme—toofaradvancedforhiscontemporariespresentingableakviewofthew