介词引导的状语从句

定语从句，就是用来用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词做定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句（AttributiveClauses）•关系代词：which/that（指物）who/whom/that（指人）•常用介词：in,to,of,about,from,on,for,against,among,as,around,at,before,below,behind,beside,besides,between,but,beyond,down“介词+关系代词”引导的状语从句e.g.这就是从他那里我们学到很多东西的老师。Thisistheteacherfromwhomwehavelearnedalot.e.g.我们所居住的城市发生了很大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichwelive.1.关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语时，介词常常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom（指人）e.g.我们当时的处境很危险。Thesituation(which/that)wehadgotintowasverydangerous.e.g.你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingtoismyEnglishteacher.2.有时介词也可以放在句子的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。e.g.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。Thisisthepen(which/that)Iamlookingfor.e.g.她照顾的孩子有30个。Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.3.当定于从句中的位于动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。e.g.我们班有四十个学生，他们大多数喜欢英语。Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofthem(=ofwhommost)likeEnglish.e.g.这些书是马克吐温写的，其中有一本我爸爸给我读过。ThesearebookswrittenbyMarkTwain,oneofwhich(=ofwhichone)wasreadtomebymyfather.4.不定代词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句可化为of+which/whom+不定代词的结构。其中常用的不定代词有:some,any,none,both,afew,few,alittle,little,either,neither,one,etc.e.g.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.e.g.Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent.=Thisismyteacherthehandwritingofwhomisexcellent.=Thisismyteacherofwhomthehandwritingisexcellent.5.关系代词whose+名词引导定语从句可转换为the+名词+of+whiche.g.Hehasagoodfriendtowhomhecanturnforhelp.=Hehasagoodfriendtowhomtoturnforhelp.6.由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+which/whom+todo结构。e.g.HeusedtoliveinLondon,fromwherehecamefrom.e.g.HegraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1988,sincewhenhehasimprovedhimselfinallaspects.7.介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。