介词讲解及练习

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介词介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。1.常用介词的用法辨析(1)表时间的介词1)at,inon表示时间点用at。例如:atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inMay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。1._______themorning2._______Mondaymorning3.______arainyevening4._______3:505._______20156._______themorningofApril107._______spring8.______night9.______thistime10.______March注意:在时间词(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday…)前有last,next,this,that时,不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。2)since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.Afterfivedaystheboycameback.3)in,afterin与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.1)I’llleave_______threeo’clock.Thatis,I’llleave________abouttenminutes.2)Theyleft_______twoweeks.(2)表示地点的介词1)at,in,onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.3)Thereisabighole____thewall.4)Theteacherputupapicture____thewall.2)over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.1)Themoonrose______thehill.2)Thereisabridge_____theriver.3)Thereisabook______thedesk.3)across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行,表面上跨过。throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行,内部穿过,贯穿。例如:Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.1)Canyouswim_____theriver?2)Theroadruns__________theforest.3)_____thebridge,you’llfindacinema.4)infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.1)Thereisabigtree_______oftheclassroom.2)Adriverdrives_________ofthebus.2.介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。(1)介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。(2)介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。【实例解析】1.---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing?---___________September5.A.OnB.ToC.AtD.In答案:A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。2.Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow.A.byB.inC.toD.on答案:C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。3.Theywillhaveamathstest___twodaysAforBatCinDafter答案:D4.Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___A1989,MarchBinMarch,1989CMarch,1989D1989,inMarch答案:B5.Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.A.toB.onC.inD.about答案:C介词练习题1-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor[答案]D.[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。2Canyouanswerthisquestion___English?AbyBinCwithDfrom[答案]B.[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.3Look___themap___China___thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on[答案]D.[析]lookat为看,而onthewall为在墙表面挂着,而inthewall则是在墙内,如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto[答案]C.[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween[答案]C.6Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout[答案]C.[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcome___Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor[答案]C.8Let'shurry,orwe'llbelate___schoolAtoBatCwithDfor[答案]D.[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Don'tcomelatetoschool9Theywillhaveamathstest___twodaysAforBatCinDafter[答案]C.[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。12Grannytookonelookatus___herglassesAbyBthroughConDin[答案]B.[析]through为穿过……。14IlearnFrench___theradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat[答案]A.[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。15It'sgoodmannerstowait___lineAinBonCatDwith[答案]A.[析]inline为排队。19Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of[答案]D.[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。20It'sabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___troubleAover,inBat,inCin,atDat,for[答案]B.[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。21Ican'tdothisworkwell___Tom'shelpAunderBforCwithoutDfrom[答案]C.22Don'tshout___theoldwoman。Youshouldbemorepolite___herAto,atBat,toCin,forDfrom,for[答案]B.[析]shoutat为冲某人喊叫,而bepolitetosomebody为对某人和气。23Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everythingAwith,inBin,withCwith,toDto,of[答案]A.[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。24Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSundayAtoBwithoutCbehindDbetween[答案]B.[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。25Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949AwithBonCsinceDin[答案]D.[析]在年代前用in。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