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语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。1.一般现在时:am/is/are+pp2.一般过去时:was/were+pp3.含有情态动词:情态动词+be+pp4.一般将来时:will/shall+be+ppbegoingtobe+pp5.现在完成时:have/has+been+pp•1、各种时态的变化只在be动词上面体现差异，pp只表示被动•2、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句你会变化么？1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+pp2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+pp3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+pp4.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.一般将来时：willbe+pp5.Theyhaveboughttencomputerssince2005．Tencomputershavebeenboughtbythemsince2005.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+pp请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucyboughtsomefruit.Somefruit________________Lucy.2.UncleWangwaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowers______________UncleWangeveryday.3.Didtheybuildthebridgein1998?____thebridge_____in1998?4.WhendidLuXunwritethesebooks?When_____thesebooks___________LuXun?wasboughtbyarewateredbyWasbuiltwerewrittenby5.Thefarmersdon’tgrowapplesonthefarm.Apples__________onthefarm.6.Theydidn’tcleantheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroom_______________yesterday.aren’tgrownwasn’tcleaned(二）情态动词的被动语态。1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_______________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Moretrees__________________.3.Weshoulddigalargehole.Alargehole______________.4.Canweputourbikeshere?_____ourbikes_________here?5.Youmustn’tthrowrubbishhere.Rubbish_________________here.canbedonemustbeplantedshouldbedugCanbeputmustn’tbethrown6.Wecan’tseemanystars.Manystars___________________.小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：______________________.2.疑问句提前_____________;否定句：___________+not.can’tbeseen情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词•几点注意：1、不及物动词，后面不能直接带宾语，因此不能变为被动语态。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,belongto,breakout(爆发）Theaccident______earlythismorning.A.happenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedTheOlympics__________(takeplace)everyfouryears.takeplace一、不用被动语态的情况2、连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…Themusic_______(sound)beautiful.sounds3、当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。常与副词easy,well,easily等连用。Thepen__________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells二、有些动词常用于被动语态•HewasborninNanjing.•他生于南京。•ThemobilephonewasmadeinChina.•这部手机是中国制造的。•Eg：givesbsth•showsbsth•buysbsth•makesbsth•等等可以改为for或者to的词组的givesthtosb\showsthtosb\buysthforsb\makesthforsb三、双宾结构的被动语态Tom’sfatherboughthimabook.He_____________abook(byhisfather)Abook____________him(byhisfather)把指人的间接宾语作为被动句的主语（较少）把指物的直接宾语作为被动句主语时，要加介词to或for（较多）wasboughtwasboughtforpass,show,send…此类动词有：buybeboughtfor如：givebegivento此类动词还有：draw，make,cook,mend1.PleasepassthebooktoLily.Lilyispassedthebook.ThebookispassedtoLilybyyouplease.2.Hegavemeabeautifulpresent.Iwasgivenabeautifulpresentbyhim.Abeautifulpresentwasgiventome.•五看：see,watch,lookat,notice,observe•三使：make,let,have•二听：hear,listento•一感觉：feel四、感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时,把to加在动词原形之前，即to还原Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.1.Theteachersoftenmakeusreadbooksinthemorning.Weareoftenmadetoreadbooksinthemorningbytheteachers.2.Wenoticedhimtalkwithmybrotherjustnow.Hewasnoticedtotalkwithmybrotherjustnow.3.WesawherhelpTomwhenweentertheroom.ShewasseentohelpTomwhenweentertheroom.4.Imadehimstopwhilehewasdoingthework.Hewasmadetostopwhilehewasdoingthework.五、动词短语变被动语态，要保持短语的完整性，后面的介词不能丢。takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterspeakto→bespokentohandin→behandedinlistento→belistenedto1.Icantakegoodcareofthebaby.2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareof.3.Thestudentsusuallylistentotheteachercarefully.Theteacherisusuallylistenedtocarefullybythestudents.六、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…七、常见被动语态句子。（见练习讲义。计22句，属于必背内容！）1.---DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?---No,I_____(常州2013年中招试题)A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvited2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow(常州2012年中招试题)3.Theworkersweremade12hoursadayntheolddays.A.workB.toworkC.beworkedD.worked4.Theirhomeworkhalfanhourago.A.washandedinB.washandedC.WillbehandedinD.washand5.---Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatchyesterday?---It’ssurprising.Thestrongestteam______.A.wasbeatenB.wonC.scoredD.wasfailed6.Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue______.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.Whatareonshowinthemuseum?Somephotos________byAfricanchildren.A.aretakenB.havebeentakenC.takenD.weretaken8.Theboy_____studyathomebyherlastSunday.AmadeBwasmadeCwasmadetoDmadeto模拟9.Thetreesmust_____threetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters10.Anothernewbuilding____lastmonthnearmyschool.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbuilt11.Anewbridg