东亚季风区的极端气候事件及其原因-郭正堂

郭正堂,姜文英,吕厚远,吴乃琴,姚小峰(,100029)　:。,:S4、S5-1S5-3L9L15。,。、,S4,S5-1S5-3,S5-14～6℃,200～300mm;L9L151.5～3℃150～250mm,,。,3,,。,(NADW)。,,、。:;;:P462　:A　:10052321(2002)01011308:20011012;:20011115:(49725206):(1964—　),,,。0　2.5Ma。[1～4],。,[5～7]。[6,7],。,,、S4、S5-1S5-3L9L15。[1],[8,9],。、1.2Ma:(1);(2);(3)。1　、8.3℃、9.1℃13℃,560mm、590mm650mm。13[10]ETP[11]。[12],。Munsell1。1.2Ma,S4,S5-1,S5-3S13,　,,/地学前缘(EarthScienceFrontiers)2002,9(1)　　113　　图1　西峰、长武和渭南黄土古土壤序列的磁化率、深海氧同位素和ETP的对比Fig.1　Correlationoftheloess-paleosolsequencesinXifeng,ChangwuandWeinanwithmarineδ18OrecordandETP1　Table1　MunsellcolorandmicromorphologicalfeaturesofthepaleosolsinWeinanandXifengCaCO3(%)(%)Fe-Mn(%)(%)CaCO3(%)(%)Fe-Mn(%)(%)S07.5YR4/601023510YR4/310015S15YR4/6063407.5YR5/400.5020S2-15YR4/8052407.5YR5/400020S2-27.5YR5/80.5002010YR8/430010S35YR5/800.50.5457.5YR5/420015S42.5YR4/6083455YR4/600.5025S5-12.5YR4/80132505YR4/6030.530S5-25YR4/8033.5407.5YR5/600020S5-35YR4/6083455YR4/402025S6-15YR4/4060.5407.5YR5/600020S6-27.5YR4/60.501.5207.5YR7/430010S75YR3/6053357.5YR6/410015S85YR4/6061.5407.5YR5/400018S9-17.5YR4/6020.5307.5YR6/410015S9-27.5YR5/6003207.5YR6/420018S107.5YR4/6000207.5YR7/420015S115YR4/6001157.5YR6/420015S12-15YR4/8001257.5YR5/410015S12-27.5YR5/80.500207.5YR7/420012S135YR4/8041.5405YR5/600020S147.5YR5/6000257.5YR7/410015　　:。114　　　　,,,/地学前缘(EarthScienceFrontiers)2002,9(1)(1)。,5YR,10YR7.5YR。S4,S5-12.5YR。(2～5μm),。3,S4,S5-1S5-3,(1)。,。,,。S13,。(FeD)(FeT)[13]。22000w(FeD)/w(FeT),[14],CBD[15]。,S4,S5-1,S5-3。,0℃,。X[16,17],S4、S5-1S5-3、、,S5-1。,[16]。2∶1。Bt3(2μm),S4、S5-1S5-3SiO2/Al2O33.42、3.043.41,。。,[13]。。S4、S5-1、S5-3。[18,19]。、[20,21〗。图2　w(FeD)/w(FeT)比值所反映的黄土风化强度与深海碳同位素记录的对比Fig.2　ComparisonoftheloessweatheringintensityasreflectedbythestackedFeD/FeTratiowithmarineδ13Crecords,,,/地学前缘(EarthScienceFrontiers)2002,9(1)　　115　　图3　S5-1和L9形成时期的年平均温度和平均年降水量估计[24]Fig.3　TentativequantitativeestimatesofpaleoclimatesforS5-1andL9[24]1—;2—;3—　　,,,,。,[22]LuvicKastanozemsChromicLuvisols,[23]。ChromicLuvi-sols,。S5-14～6℃,200～300mm。(),,。S5-1,S4S5-3。[24],S5-114℃,800mm(3),。S4、S5-1S5-31.2Ma3。,。、Fe-Mn、,。(“”)。(26°～34°N),。2　,“”L9L15、、(10YR8/2-4)、。L93,、(2224)(23)。[5],L9L152.5Ma,(25～50μm)116　　　　,,,/地学前缘(EarthScienceFrontiers)2002,9(1),45%～60%,30%～40%;(12%～15%)(8%～10%)。L9L15。,(60～300μm)。,[25]。,[26],,[26,27]。,L9L15。,。,,[25]。。L9L15—,。[24],1.5～3℃,150～250mm(3)。。,3,L9L15,。,,。3　　　[5～7〗。,S4、S5-1S5-3L9L15,(2)。[10],S4、S5-1S5-311、1315δ18O,,(2)。,S4、S5-1S5-3,。。(NADW)“”[28],,CO2[29,30]。(YoungerDryas)[31][32]。δ13C[28,33]。δ13CNADW[28]。δ13C,(SOW)[28]。δ13C。,3.2‰[28]。,NADW,NADW[28,33]。2DSDP552[34]、DSDP607[10]ODP677[35]3。3NADW[28]。S4、S5-1S5-3δ13C(2)。RC13-110δ13C[36]。δ13C,,,。,,。NADW。DSDP552607δ13C、δ13C,NADW[28]。2,S4S5-3,—δ13C1.2Ma,NADW。Oppo[37],NADW11。S5-1,δ13C,δ13C,3NADW,RC13-229()V19-30、ODP677[37]:1113,δ13C,NADW。L9L1522～2438(2),δ13C,,,,/地学前缘(EarthScienceFrontiers)2002,9(1)　　117　　NADW[28]。,,NADW,S4、S5-1S5-3NADW,L9L15NADW。,,、。4　,S4、S5-1S5-3L9、L15。。S4、S5-1S5-3。,S5-1(MAT)(MAP)4～6℃200～300mm。,。,-。L9L15,MAT1.5～3℃,MAP150～200mm。,。δ13C,。,。δ13C,。,,,、。,。References[]:[1]　LIUTS,etal.LoessandtheEnvironment[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1985.481(inChinese).　　[,.[M].:,1985.481.][2]　KUKLAG.LoessstratigraphyincentralChina[J].QuaternarySci-enceReview,1987,6:191-219.[3]　KUKLAGJ,ANZS.LoessstratigraphyincentralChina[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1989,72:203-225.[4]　RUTTERN,DINGZL,LIUTS.Comparisonofisotopestage1-61withtheBaoji-typepedostratigraphicsectionofnorth-centralChina[J].CanadianJournalofEarthScience,1991,28:985-990.[5]　LIUTS,DINGZL.StepwisecouplingofmonsooncirculationtoglobalicevolumevariationsduringthelateCenozoic[J].GlobalandPlanetaryChange,1993,7:119-130.[6]　GUOZT,LIUTS,ANZS.Paleosolsofthelast0.15MaintheWeinanloesssectionandtheirpaleoclimaticsignificance[J].Quater-narySciences,1994(3):256-269(inChinese).[,,.[J].,1994(3):256-269.][7]　LIUTS,GUOZT,LIUJQ,etal.VariationsofeasternAsianmon-soonoverthelast140000years[J].BullSocGeolFr,1995,166:221-229.[8]　BRONGERA,HEINKELETH.MicromorphologyandgenesisofpalaeosolsintheLuochuanloesssection,China:pedostratigraphicandenvironmentalimplications[J].Geoderma,1989,45:123-143.[9]　BILLARDA.IsamiddlePleistoceneclimaticoptimumrecordedintheloess-palaeosolsequencesofEuroasia[J]?QuaternaryInterna-tional,1993,17:87-94.[10]　RUDDIMANWF,RAYMOME,MARTINSONDG,etal.Pleis-toceneevolution:northernhemisphereicesheetsandNorthAtlanticOcean[J].Palaeoceanography,1989,4:353-412.[11]　BERGERA,LOUTREMF.Insolationvaluesfortheclimateofthelast10millionyears[J].QuatSciRev,1991,10:297-317.[12]　KUKLAG,ANZS,MELICEJL,etal.MagneticsusceptibilityrecordofChineseloess[J].TransactionRoyalSocietyofEdinburgh:EarthSciences,1990,81:263-288.[13]　DUCHAUFOURPh.Pédologie,Tome1:PédogenèseetClassification[M].Masson,Paris-NewYork-Barcelone-Milan,1983.477.[14]　GUOZT,BISCAYEP,WEILY,etal.Summermonsoonvariationsoverthelast1.2Mafromtheweatheringofloess-soilsequencesinChina[J].GeophysicalResearchLetters,2000,27:1751-1754.[15]　MEHRAO,JACKSONML.Ironoxideremovalfromsoilandclaybyadithionite-citratesystembufferedwithsodiumbicarbonate[J].ClayandClayMine