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八年级英语下册知识点第1页共18页新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit1What’sthematter?重点短语:haveastomachachehaveacoldliedowntakeone’stemperaturehaveafevergotoadoctortoone’ssurpriseagreeto(dosth.)getintotroublebeusedtotakerisksrunout(of)cutoffgetoutofbeincontrolofkeepon(doingsth.）giveup语言知识归纳：1.What’sthematter(withyou)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What’swrongwithyou?/What’sthetrouble?matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。Whatdoesitmatter?Itdoesn’tmatter.【例题】Doesit________ifwecan’tfinishittoday?A.mindB.mindsC.matterD.matters2.Ihaveasorethroat.have“患病”，常用“havea/an+名词”.haveacoldhaveafeverhaveasorebackhaveastomachachehaveacough【例题】()---Doesheoftenhave______cold?---Yes.Healso_____acoughandasorethroat.A.a;hasB./;hasC.a;haveD./;have3.Liedownandrest!躺下休息liedown躺下4.That’sprobablywhy.那可能就是原因。probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5.hurtv.使受伤；伤害；疼痛Hehurthislegwhenhefell.他摔伤的时候伤了腿。Myfeelingswerehurtwhenhedidn’taskmetotheparty.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing...公交车司机，24岁的王平……24-year-old是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】A____girlnamedDongXinyilookedafterherdisabledfather.A.three-year-oldB.three-years-oldC.Threeyearsold7.expectvt.期待；预期；期盼expect的常见用法:expect+名词/代词Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughter’svisit.单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying八年级英语下册知识点第2页共18页expecttodosth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expectsb.todosth.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglish?expect+从句Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect与lookforwardto两者都有期待的意思lookforwardtodoingsth.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingTom.8.Buttohissurprise...但是令他吃惊的是……toone’ssurprise表示“令人惊奇的是……”，相当于“主语+be+surprised”Tohissurprise,hefoundthegirlwasbind.=Hewassurprisedtofindthegirlwasblind.令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】insurprise表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。Thetwogirlslookedateachotherinsurprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。besurprisedat表示“对……感到惊讶”。Weareverysurprisedatthenews.听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising表示“使人惊奇的”，作表语时，主语是事物。9.Theydon’twantanytrouble.他们不想惹麻烦。①trouble用作名词，意为“烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。Hislifeisfulloftrouble.他的生活充满了烦恼。What’sthetrouble?怎么了？②trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。I’msorrytotroubleyou.抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与trouble相关的短语introuble处于困境中getintotrouble陷入困境Havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难【例题】-HowisyourEnglishstudy?-Notbad.ButI_____learningEnglishgrammar.A.aminterestedB.amgoodatC.havealittletroubleD.havenotrouble10.辨析usedtodosth.与beusedtosth./doingsth.↓↓过去常常……习惯于某事/做某事Weusedtodrawpicturesbadly.Youwillgetusedtotheweatherhere.Intheend,Igotusedtodoinghardwork.11.辨析runout与runoutof人+runoutofTheyhaverunoutofthewater.物+runout(不可用于被动语态）Themoneyisrunningout.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项()YesterdayIusedupallthesalttocookdumplings.Ineedtobuysomenow.A.ateupB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof12.makedecisions=makeadecision作出决定decision为decide的名词形式makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.13.beincontrolof管理；控制Ateachershouldbeincontrolofhisclass.八年级英语下册知识点第3页共18页重点语法：情态动词should的用法（1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加not,变一般疑问句时将should提前。（2）should常用于以下两种情况：①提出建议Youlookedtired.Youshouldliedownandrest.②表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。Waitaminute.Ithinkheshouldcomeinaminute.Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.重点短语:cleanupbyoneselfcheerupputoffgiveoutputonusedtogiveawaytakeaftersetupmakeadifferencecareforcomeupwith语言知识归纳：1.giveout分发，发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有：giveaway赠给，赠送givein屈服，投降giveup放弃giveoff发出（气味、光、热等）2.comeupwith提出，想出(1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于thinkofIthinkshecancomeupwithagoodidea(2)comeupwith还可表示“赶上”,相当于catchupwith.Weshouldstudyhardtocomeupwiththem【例题】()Wemust_____aplantoimproveyourmath.A.pickupB.catchupwithC.comeupwithD.makeup3.I’vrunoutofit.我已经把它用完了。runoutof表示“用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】runoutof还可表示“从……跑出来”。Billranoutoftheroom.Bill从房间里跑出来。run构成的短语还有runaway逃走runafter追赶runintodifficulties遇到困难【例题】()Whenyourmoney____,pleasecometomeforsome.A.runsoutofB.runsoutC.isrunningoutofD.isrunout4.Itakeaftermymother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】takeafter与lookliketakeafter意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。Theboytakesafterhisfather.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。looklike可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。Themanlookslikeourteacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。Therainbowlookslikeabridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。八年级英语下册知识点第4页共18页【拓展】take构成的短语takeuptakeofftakeplacetakeone’stimetakecare【例题】()-You’vereallybeautifulblondhair.-Thankyou.I____mymother.A.lookafterB.takeafterC.takefromD.lookfor5.setup创办，建立setup为副词短语，与start,establish同义They’vesetupacompany.他们创办了一家公司。与set相关的短语还有：setout动身，开始（做某事）setoff出发，引起，激发6.Youhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohavelucky.对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky.it是形式宾语Youmadeitpossibleformetocatchupwithothers.你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】()Hefound___hardtogotosleepwiththelighton.A.itB.thatC.heD.him7.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。makeabigdifference意为“对……产生很大的影响”，difference在此为“影响”的意思。【例题】()Theheavysnowdidn’t___theinternationalairlines.A.payattentiontoB.addtoC.makeadifferencetoD.keepto8.imaginev.想象，假想；以为，认为imagine（v.想象）→imagination（n.想象）→imaginative(adj.富于想象力的）9.help...out帮……克服困难，帮……分担工作Theteacheroftenhelpshisstudentsout.那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.beexcitedabout...对……兴奋I’mexcitedaboutthegameofLiNa.我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting修饰物重点语法：动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1)动词+介词这类动词短语主要有：agreewith,askfor,arriveat,hearof,lookat,takeafter,listento等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I’mlookingformypen.Don’tlaughatthepoorman.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有：findout,giveout,loo