简单句的五种基本句型

英语简单句的五种基本句型•1.Theyworkhard.•2.Thedeskfeelshard.•3.Plantsneedwater.•4.Hegavemesomeseeds.•5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Thedeskfeelshard.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegavemesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+介宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型：1.Ｓ+Ｖ(主＋谓)2.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ(主＋系＋表)3.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ(主＋谓＋宾)4.Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）5.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed.woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.havegone.练习1鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。Birdsareflying.Herbabyiscrying.Thesunissetting.Noonelaughed.练习25你唱得很美。6我咳了一夜。7我们很少在外边吃饭。8昨天发生了事故。Yousingbeautifully.Icoughedallnight.Weseldomdineout.Theaccidentoccurredyesterday.•常用的不及物动词（vi.)•run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,fly,come,go等。属性动词:wash,sell,record,wear,read,write等与well,easily等副词连用，也构成主谓。基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。Ourschoolbecamelargerandlarger.•city/become/beautiful•feel/happy主语+系动词+表语练习1今天我感觉不太舒服。2他看上去很累。3你的汤味道很好。4她似乎对计划不感兴趣。Idon’tfeelverywelltoday.Helooksverytired.Yoursouptastesverygood.Shedoesn’tseemveryinterestedintheplan.5天越来越冷了。6孩子不久就睡着了。7他长得相当高了。8听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。It’sgettingcold.Soonthechildfellasleep.Shewentpaleatthenews.Hehasgrownquitetall.系动词主要分三类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundseem,appearget,grow,become,turn,go,come,prove(turnout)stay,keep,remainbe本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.I7.Hetheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.knowslaughsatunderstandsmadeatewantsaid练习11过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。2他们很快控制了病情。3他们只是在建空中楼阁。We’veachievedalotinthepasttwentyyears.Theysooncontrolledthedisease.Theyarejustbuildingcastlesintheair.4我十分欣赏你们的表演。5顾客要求退款。6这会造成错误的印象。7我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。Ienjoyedeveryminuteofyourperformance.Thecustomerdemandedarefund.WealwaysexchangeChristmasgifts.Thatwillcreateawrongimpression.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物,通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。ＳＶ（及物）（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.Myfriendlentmethisbooklastweek.•owe/money/lastyear•buy/bicycle/nextChristmas•tell/news/thedaybeforeyesterday主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+(sb)+(sth)练习1她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3这会省去你很多麻烦。4请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。ShesangusanEnglishsong.I’llmakeyousomefreshtea.Thatwillsaveyoualotoftrouble.Pleasefetchmetoday’spaper.4把车钥匙递给我。5把你们的计划用传真发给我们。6你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？7把那本书扔给我。Handmethecarkey.Pleasefaxusyourplans.Throwmethatbook.Canyoue-mailmethebooklist?•常用的带双宾语的动词常跟双宾语的动词•give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,cost•make,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find等。tofortake,give,teach,bring,lend,mail,offer,pass,hand,sell,send,show,throw,answer,award,write,grant,permit,promise,paydo,buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，save,sing,基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）O（宾语）OＣ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ithetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomeback.gettingonthebus.keeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+(O)+(OC)Ifoundhimlyinginbed.•hear/cry/nextroom•notice/thief/steal/house•feel/building/shake•see/trees/plant/mountainIobligedhimtodohishomework.•he/teach/pupils/speak/English•she/advise/him/listen/everyday•she/allow/me/use/dictionary主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+(O)+(OC)练习11我们把窗框漆成了黄色。2她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3他发现这工作很有意思。4什么使你这样生气？Wepaintedthewindowframesyellow.Shedyedherdresslightblue.Hefoundthejobquiteinteresting.Whatmadeyousoangry?5我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。6你们必须保持房间干净。7我认为这没有必要。8不久他们就把她释放了。Wemustgetthesupperreadyinhalfanhour.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Soontheysetherfree.Idon’tthinkitnecessary.•常用的带复合宾语的动词•think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,get,leave,ask,tell,etc.典型句子分析除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。