推进金融机构风险管理

1AdvancingRiskManagementbyFinancialInstitutionsTheCaseofJapaneseBanks推进金融机构风险管理：日本银行业的经验TsuyoshiOyamaBankofJapan日本银行WorkshoponRiskManagementinBankingSector商业银行风险管理培训班Shanghai,December21,20052005年12月21日，上海2Agenda内容安排BackgroundofBanks’EffortstoEnhanceRiskManagementandtheBOJ’sInitiativestoEncourageTheseEfforts银行业推进风险管理及日本银行支持举措的背景TopicsfromtheSoundPracticesPapersandDiscussionsintheSeminars金融机构整合风险管理研讨会发布的相关报告“AdvancingCreditRiskManagementthroughInternalRatingSystems”以内部评级制度为基础强化信用风险管理“AdvancingOperationalRiskManagement”强化操作风险管理“AdvancingIntegratedRiskManagement”强化整合风险管理3BackgroundofBanks’Efforts银行措施的背景TheexperienceofovercomingNPLproblemssincethe1990s…90年代以来，克服不良贷款问题的经验EnhancetheriskmanagementofJapanesefinancialinstitutionsparticularlyintheareaofcreditriskmanagement推进日本金融机构风险管理，特别强化信用风险管理Entailstabilityoffinancialsystem,whichledtotheliftingofblanketdepositinsuranceinApril,2005金融体系稳定性，这导致2005年4月存款保险的整体上调。Inthisnewenvironment,financialinstitutionsareexpectedtodevelopfurthercreativebusinessservicesthatmeettheneedsofcustomersthrough…在新情况下，金融机构预计可通过提供下列创新服务来满足消费者需求：Assessingvariousrisksnotonlyinaconservativewaybutalsoinanaccurateway.稳健而准确地进行风险评估。Inotherwords,financialinstitutionsareexpectedtograspeffectivelythevariousrisksinherentintheirbusiness(e.g.economicvalueanditsvolatilityofalltheassetstheypossessandtransactionstheyengagein),andalsotoestablishaframeworkthatmanagestheserisksinanintegratedway.换句话说，金融机构预计能有效把握业务中存在的各种风险（例如，其拥有和参与交易的全部资产价值及波动)，并建立风险综合管理机制Inaddition,BaselIIimplementationsurelypressuresbankstointensifytheaboveefforts.此外，巴塞尔Ⅱ的出台迫使银行强化上述措施。4AdvancingRiskManagement---MeansWhat?强化风险管理意味着什么？Ourunderstandingof“advancingriskmanagement”对“强化风险管理”的理解Enhancingthecommunicationtoolsamongstakeholders(seniormanagers,riskmanagers,shareholders,regulators,etc.)toreachaconsensusviewofriskprofileandamounts.促进利益各方（高级经理，风险管理经理，股东，监管者等）的交流,以就风险预测及总量达成一致意见。NotnecessarilyindicatingamoreuseofGreeklettersandmathformula无需多用希腊字母和数学公式Whatbanksneedismoreobjectiveandmorepersuasivetoolstoassessrisks银行业需要更客观、更有说服力的风险评估工具Objectiveandpersuasiveriskassessmentsleadtohighertransparencyofriskmanagementprocessandtherebyclarifytheresponsibilityassociatedwithrisktakingactivitieshelpensurethedirectiontowardimprovingriskmanagement.客观而有说服力的风险评估将增强风险管理过程透明性，进而明确风险活动各方的责任有助于确保改善风险管理Therearenobestpracticesofbanks’riskmanagement,whichcoulddifferdependingontheirfacingenvironmentsneedtoestablishtheincentivemechanismtoensurethedirectiontowardimprovingriskmanagement.并不存在能随市场环境变化而变化的银行风险管理最佳方案需要建立激励机制，以确保改善风险管理5TheBankofJapanreleasedthefollowingthreepapersattheendofJuly,2005.日本银行于2001年7月公布以下三份报告AdvancingCreditRiskManagementthroughInternalRatingSystems以内部评级制度为基础强化信用风险管理AdvancingOperationalRiskManagement强化操作风险管理AdvancingIntegratedRiskManagement强化整合风险管理HP：Thesepapersdrawontheissuesandmeasures,onwhichtheBankofJapanintendstousetostartin-depthdiscussionsofriskmanagementwithfinancialinstitutionsatthetimeofouron-siteexaminationsandoff-sitemonitoring.日本银行将就上述报告提出的问题和措施，在进行实地考查和非实地监管时，与各金融机构进行探讨。MainsubjectsofthethreepapersroughlycorrespondtotheissuesofimplementingIRB,AMAandPillarIIundertheBaselII上述三份报告的主题都与巴塞尔Ⅱ出台的IRB,AMAandPillarII的规定相关。BOJ’sInitiative(1)--PublicationofSoundPracticesPapers日本银行的动作（1）--公布金融机构整合风险管理报告6TheBankofJapanestablishedtheCenterforAdvancedFinancialTechnologyinJuly,2005.日本银行于2001年7月设立高级金融技术中心。Onemajormissionofthisneworganizationistodevelopthethirdchannel,besideson-siteexaminationsandoff-sitemonitoring,tocommunicatewithbanksabouttheriskmanagementframeworkandmethods.这一新机构的主要任务之一是发展除实地考查和非实地监管之外的第三种渠道，以就风险管理体制和方式与各家银行进行沟通。Usingthethreesoundpracticepapersasthemainsubjects,theCenterhasalreadyhosted:以三份报告为主题，该中心已成功主办：2seminarsforthelargenumberoffinancialinstitutionsfocusingonoverallriskmanagementissuesthataredealtwithbythreepapers,and2期有众多金融机构参与的研讨会，全面讨论三份报告涉及的风险管理问题，以及12seminarsforregionalbanks(20—30banksforeach)focusingontheissuesthataredealtwithbyonepaperforeachseminar.12期由区域银行参与的研讨会（每次20－30家银行），每期就一份报告涉及的相关问题展开讨论。BOJ’sInitiative(2)--HostingaSeriesofSeminarsforBanks日本银行的动作（2）--主办一系列银行业发展研讨会7BOJ’sOrganizationalChangesandSettinguptheCenterforAdvancedFinancialTechnology日本银行的机构调整和高级金融技术中心的设立＜之前＞＜7月18日之后＞FinancialSystemsDept.金融体系部PolicyPlanning政策制订InternationalIssues国际事务BankExaminationandSurveillanceDept.银行检查与监督部PolicyImplementation政策执行On-siteExamination实地考查Off-siteMonitoring非实地监管FinancialSystemsandBankExaminationDept.金融体系和银行管理部CenterforAdvancedFinancialTechnology(NewlyEstablished)高级金融技术中心（新设立）PlanningandImplementation制订和执行InternationalIssues国际事务On-siteExamination实地考查Off-siteMonitoring非实地监管8AdvancingRiskManagement---ItsRelationwithBaselII强化风险管理－－与巴塞尔Ⅱ的关系Theconceptof“advancingriskmanagement”isinlinewith“successfullyimplementingBaselII”“强化风险管理”与“成功实施巴塞尔Ⅱ”理念一致TheconceptofBaselIIthatstronglypushesbankstowardthedirectionofassessingrisks“moreprecisely”and“transparently”ina“self-disciplined”manneriscompletelysharedbyuswhenadvocatingfortheneedofadvancingriskmanagement.巴塞尔Ⅱ的理念是通过“自律”方式