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fidic设计建造与交钥匙工程合同书条件篇一:FIDIC工程设计建造总承包与交钥匙工程通用条件国际咨询工程师联合会工程设计建造总承包与交钥匙工程合同条件(1995年英文本第一版)陈彪译曹鹏南校第一部分通用条件中国兵器工业第六设计研究院译者的话国际咨询工程师联合会(FIDIC:菲迪克)于提供的橙皮书英文本翻译而成的。1995年出版了《工程设计建造总承包与交钥匙工程合同条件》(英文本第一版),简称“橙皮书”。本中译本是根据菲迪克秘书处橙皮书“是菲迪克推荐的通用文本,适用于国际招标的工程设计施工总承包合同;稍经修改后,也同样适用于各国的国内合同”(见橙皮书“前言”)。近十多年来,我国一直在大力推行工程项目总承包体制,许多单位在这方面都进行了一些有益的探索。但迄今为止,我国还没有一份统一的工程总承包合同示范文本。根据菲迪克红皮书《土木工程施工合同条件》在我国被采用的实践,可以预见,在今后一个时期橙皮书也将为我国工程咨询(设计)、工程承包等有关行业广泛采用,这既是与国际接轨、进入国际市场的需要,同时也是我国改革工程建设管理体制,提高工程建设的投资效益和社会效益、建立和Theshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.Grammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号“”括起来。用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语间接引语5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化Iamgoodatdancing.IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.ShesaidshehadvisitedtheGreatWallthedaybefore.Shesaidshewasgoodatdancing.结论一直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.Doyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers?Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIweregoingformyholiday.Heordered/toldmetobequiet!Bequiet!Heordered/toldmenottomakenoise.Don’tmakenoise!Followme,please!Heaskedmetofollowhim.结论二直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。结论三直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等动词。口诀说明直接引语间接引语1、人称的变化一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语和间接引语正误例析1.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.TheyoungmanaskedKarenwheredidherchemistryteacherlive.TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived简析:一般说来,直接引语是疑问句,将其变为间接引语时,原来的疑问语序要改为陈述语序。2.“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehasgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.简析:直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词一般要用相应的某种过去时态,所以本句中的现在完成时应改为过去完成时。3.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.简析:直接引语为客观真理、格言时,变为间接引语,时态无需改变。4.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.MaryaskedmethatIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.简析:直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导,而不用that。5.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonehereyesterday.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.简析:直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语一般也要作相应改变,如Exercises1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIhadbeenlateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.1.Theteachersaid，“Don’tbelate，Mary.”Theteachertold____.A.MarynottobelateB.MarytobenotlateC.MaryarenotlateD.nottobelate2.Heaskedher，“Whereareyougoing?”Heaskedher____.A.wheresheweregoingB.whereshewasgoingtoC.whereshewasgoingD.wheresheisgoing巩固提高3.Theladysaid，“Ishallgothereontime.”Theladysaidthat____.A.shewouldcomethereontimeB.shewouldgothereontimeC.shewouldgothereontimeD.hewouldgothereontime4.Hesaidtome，“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather____.A.theyesterdayB.beforetodayC.thedaybeforeD.thenextday5.Theteacherasked，“Areyouwaitingforthebus?”Theteacherasked____forthebus.A.ifIwaswaitingB.wasIwaitingC.youarewaitingD.Iwaswaiting6.Theprofessorsaidthatlight____fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelD.traveled7.Mymotheraskedmetoshowmyhomeworktoher.Mymothersaidtome，“Show____homework.”A.hermyB.meyourC.heryourD.mehis