-艾丽丝·沃克及其妇女主义思想

115辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版)Vol.11,No.520099JournalofLiaoningTechnicalUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)Sept.2009艾丽丝沃克及其妇女主义思想肖志清(,430065):,(feminism),(womanism),,,,,:;;;:I1:A:1008-391X(2009)05-0540-05AliceWalkerandherWomanismXIAOZhiqing(SchoolofForeignLanguages,WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430065,China)Abstract:ThispaperprotrudesAliceWalker'suniquewomanistoutlook-sheopenlyopposesthesexismagainstblackwomenwritersimposedbyAmericansocietyandfacesuptoracistthreatsandsocialcontroversiesresultingfromherinter-racialmarriageandlaterhomosexualaffair.Especially,insteadofusingthetraditionalwordfeminism,shecoinswomanismtoelaborateonherfeministviews.AliceWalker'swomanistworksgiveafulldescriptionofblackwomen'sstrugglingforsurvivalandforbeingindependentandequalinAmericansociety,restoreandreestablishthesenseofidentityandself-valueinblackwomen,andunitethethreewomanisttasksofendingsexism,racismandclassism.Hertheoryofwomanism,whichadvocatessisterhood,woman-bondingandunitywithblackmen,enrichestheconnotationoffeminismandwaysoffighting,andprovidesabrand-newangleofviewforAmericanfeministmovementaswellasitsfeministliterarycriticism.Keywords:AliceWalker;AfricanAmericanwomanwriter;feminism;womanism:2009-05-15:(1979-),,,,,0引言20,,,,1女性主义起源以及美国黑人女性主义(feminism)?,()[1]F,1910,,,,,(),,[2],,,,,,,,18(MaryWollstonecraft)(AVindicationoftheRightsofWoman)19[3],,19(women'sliberationmovement)19,20,,6070,,,,,,(),,,,,,,5060,,,[4],,,70,,,1982,,[5],(womanism),,,,,207090,,,(ToniMorrison)(AliceWalker)(bellhooks)(BarbaraSmith)(GayleJones)2艾丽丝沃克的妇女主义思想2.119(MargaretFuller):,,;,[6],1920,,,,,1944,,5415:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1968(Once)2008,18,1010(TheColorPurple)1983:,2.2,,,1967,(NAACP)(MelvynLevanthal),,,,K,,,,,[7],1976,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(sexualpolitics),1982,,,XX,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[8]1998(ByTheLightofMyFather'sSmile)542()11,,90,200662(TheGuardian)SaraWajid,,:---?,,,,,,[9]2.31983,(InSearchofourMothers'Gardens)(womanist)(womanism),feminism,[10]:1.womanish(,),girlish(,),,,:,,,,,,2.(),()()(),(universalist),:,,?,,3.4.(),:(1)womanish,womanish,,,,,,,,,[11],,womanismfeminism,,,,[12](2),(sisterhood)(woman-bonding),,,,,,,,[13],,(Universalism)(3),,,,,;,,5435:(4),:;;,(),[14],,,,3结语JanetSternburgTheWriteronHerWork,,,[15],,,,,,,,,,20:[1].:[M].,.:,2008:1.[2].[J].,1999(2):411.[3]..=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&variant=zh-cn.2009-1-10.[4],.[J].:,2004,37(3):111.[5]GloriaT.Hull,BarbaraSmithandPatriciaBellScotteds.AlltheWomenAreWhite,AlltheBlacksAreMen,ButSomeofUsAreBrave:BlackWomen'sStudies[M].NewYork:FeministPress,1981.[6].[M].:,2000:59.[7]Euiot,Emory,Linda.K,Kerber,A.Walton,Litz,TorenceMartin.AmericanLiterature.AprenticehallAnthology(Volume2)[M].NewJersey:PrenticeHall,1991:2358.[8].[J].:,2001,23(1):105.[9]SaraWajid.Noretreat,TheGuardian,15December2006.[10],.[J].,2004(2):60-61.[11],.[J].:,2004,37(3):112.[12]Sternburg,Janet.TheWriteronHerWork[M].NewYork&London:W.W.NortonCompany,1980:541-542.[13].[J].,2006(2):78.[14].20[J].:,2007,33(6):157.[15]Sternburg,Janet.TheWriteronHerWork[M].NewYork&London:W.W.NortonCompany,1980:542-543.[:姜冷]544()11