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2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.大1家thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly大2家toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat大3家bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan大4家innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it大5家out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow大6家thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual大7家—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento大8家.Isthereanadaptivevalueto大9家intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance大10家atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal大11家ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis大12家themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould大13家onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,大14家,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat大15家animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto大16家thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally大1家7,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.大18家,theywouldhopetostudya大19家question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?大20家theresultsareinconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]BetterstillSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventhewordhabitcarriesanegativeconnotation.Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMindandanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.Butwearetaughtinsteadto'decide,'justasourpresidentcallshimself'theDecider.'Sheadds,however,thattodecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006bookThisYearIWill...andMs.Markova'sbusinesspartner.That'saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________.A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe________A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.ruts(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningto________A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.Markova'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting________?A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformedB,nolongeremphasizescommonnessC,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodelD,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem25.RyanmostprobablyagreethatA.ideasarebornofarel