问答:Pointoutdesignobjectsinthefiguresuchas:design,cell,reference,port,pin,net,thenwriteacommandtoset5tonetADesign:topReference:ADDDFFCell:U1U2Port:ABclksumPin:ABDQNet:ABSINSet_load5[get_netsA]whydowenotchoosetooperateallourdigitalcircuitsattheselowsupplyvoltages?答:1)不加区分地降低电源电压虽然对减少能耗能正面影响,但它绝对会使门的延时加大2)一旦电源电压和本征电压(阈值电压)变得可比拟,DC特性对器件参数(如晶体管阈值)的变化就变得越来越敏感3)降低电源电压意味着减少信号摆幅。虽然这通常可以帮助减少系统的内部噪声(如串扰引起的噪声),但它也使设计对并不减少的外部噪声源更加敏感)问道题:1.CMOS静态电路中,上拉网络为什么用PMOS,下拉网络为什么用NMOS管2.什么是亚阈值电流,当减少VT时,VGS=0时的亚阈值电流是增加还是减少?3.什么是速度饱和效应4.CMOS电压越低,功耗就越少?是不是数字电路电源电压越低越好,为什么?5.如何减少门的传输延迟?P2036.CMOS电路中有哪些类型的功耗?7.什么是衬垫偏置效应。8.gate-to-channelcapacitanceCGC,包括哪些部分VirSim有哪几类窗口3-6.GiventhedatainTable0.1forashortchannelNMOStransistorwithVDSAT=0.6Vandk′=100µA/V2,calculateVT0,γ,λ,2|φf|,andW/L:解答:对于短沟道器件:2'minmin[()](1)2DGSTDSVWIkVVVVLminmin[(),,]GSTDSDSATVVVVV在选择公式的时候,首先要确定工作区域,表格中的所有VDS均大于VDSAT,所以不可能工作在线性区域。如果工作在饱和区域则:VT应该满足:VGS-VTVDSAT2-VT0.61.4VT这是不可能的,所以可以假设所有的数据都是工作在速度饱和区域所以:2'[()](1)2DSATDGStDSATDSVWIkVVVVL由1&22'00.6[(2.5)0.6](11.8)18122DWIkVtL2'00.6[(2)0.6](11.8)12972DWIkVtL20200.6(2.5)0.61812212970.6(2)0.62VtVt00.44VtV(01.4VtV)所以1,2,3是在速度饱和区由2&3129711.8136112.510.08V由2&41297/1146=[(2-Vt0)x0.6-o.62/2]/[(2-Vt)x0.6-0.62/2]Vt=0.587V由2&5Vt=0.691V这两个值都满足Vt1.4,所以表中的数据都是工作的速度饱和状态0(22)SBffVtVtV由4&5和00.44VtV可以计算出20.6fV和1/20.3V2'1297[()]2DSATDGStDSATVWIAkVVVL得到W/L=1.53-7GivenTable0.2,thegoalistoderivetheimportantdeviceparametersfromthesedatapoints.Asthemeasuredtransistorisprocessedinadeep-submcirontechnology,the‘unifiedmodel’holds.Fromthematerialconstants,wealsocoulddeterminethatthesaturationvoltageVDSATequals-1V.Youmayalsoassumethat-2ΦF=-0.6V.NOTE:TheparametervaluesonTable3.3doNOTholdforthisproblem.a.IsthemeasuredtransistoraPMOSoranNMOSdevice?Explainyouranswer.b.DeterminethevalueofVT0.c.Determineγ.d.Determineλ.e.Giventheobtainedanswers,determineforeachofthemeasurementstheoperationregionofthetransistor(choosefromcutoff,resistive,saturated,andvelocitysaturated).Annotateyourfindingintheright-mostcolumnoftheabove.解答:a)这是PMOS器件b)2'minmin[()](1)2DGSTDSVWIkVVVVL比较各表中(),,GSTDSDSATVVVV的值知道1,4为工作在速度饱和状态由1&42'[()](1)2DSATDGStDSATDSVWIkVVVVL2'01[(2.5)(1)](1*(2.5))84.3752DWIkVtL2'01[(2.0)(1)](1*(2.5))56.252DWIkVtL20201(2.5)(1)84.375256.251(2.0)(1)2VtVtVt0=0.5Vc)由1&5和上面求出的Vt0的值:1,5工作在速度饱和区域则:(-84.375)/(-72.0)=[(-2.5-Vt0)*(-1)-12/2]/[(-2.5-Vt)*(-1)-12/2]求出Vt,代入下面公式:0(22)SBffVtVtV求出:γ=0.538V1/2d)由1&6,因为1,6均工作在速度饱和区域:84.3751(2.5)80.6251(1.5)λ=0.05V-1e)1-vel.Sat,2-cutoff,3-saturation,4-5-6vel.Sat,7-linear3-8AnNMOSdeviceispluggedintothetestconfigurationshownbelowinFigure0.4.TheinputVin=2V.Thecurrentsourcedrawsaconstantcurrentof50µA.Risavariableresistorthatcanassumevaluesbetween10kΩand30kΩ.TransistorM1experiencesshortchanneleffectsandhasfollowingtransistorparameters:k’=110*10-6V/A2,VT=0.4,andVDSAT=0.6V.ThetransistorhasaW/L=2.5µ/0.25µ.Forsimplicitybodyeffectandchannellengthmodulationcanbeneglected.i.eλ=0,γ=0..a.WhenR=10kΩfindtheoperationregion,VDandVS.b.WhenR=30kΩagaindeterminetheoperationregionVD,VSc.ForthecaseofR=10kΩ,wouldVSincreaseordecreaseifλ≠0.Explainqualitatively解答:1)当R=10k,VD=VDD-IRVD=2.5-50x10-6x104=2.5-0.5=2V假设器件工作在饱和区(需要以后验证)则:2'()50DGStWIKVVALGStVV=0.3V所以VGS=0.3+0.4=0.7VVS=2-0.7=1.3VVmin=min(VGS-Vt,VDSAT,VDS)=min(0.3,0.6,0.7)=VGS-Vt所以是饱和区VD=2VVS=1.3Vsaturationoperationb)VD=2.5-30x103x50x10-6=2.5-1.5=1Vassumelinearop:2'()]502DSDGStDSVWIKVVVAL26(1)1101010(20.4)(1)]502SSSVVVA0.93SVVMin(VGS-VT,VDS,VDSAT)=min((1-0.93-0.4).0.07,0)=VDSSOlinearc)increase,R=10kΩ2'()(1)DGStDSWIKVVVLR变化,则VD必须变化以保持电流稳定,(1)DSV试图增加电流,而为了恒定电流值,VGS必须减小,即VS必须增加1、(10)P137Assumeaninverterinthegeneric0.25mmCMOStechnologydesignedwithaPMOS/NMOSratioof3.4andwiththeNMOStransistorminimumsize(W=0.375mm,L=0.25mm,W/L=1.5).VM=1.25V,pleasecomputeVIL,VIH,NML,NMH.theprocessparametersispresentedintable1()(/2)(1)DMnDSATninTnDSATnnoutIVkVVVVV由此可以得到VIL,VIH,NML,NMH:因为VIH=VM-VM/g,VIL=VM+(VDD-VM)/gNMH=VDD-VIH,NML=VILVIL=1.2V,VIH=1.3V,NML=NMH=1.25.3、FortheinverterofFigure1andanoutputloadof3pF,atVout=2.5V,IDVsat=0.439mA,atVout=1.25V,IDvsat=0.41mAfig1a.Calculatetplh,tphl,andtp.b.Aretherisingandfallingdelaysequal?Whyorwhynot?解答:tpLH=0.69RLCL=155nsec.对于tpHL:首先计算RonforVoutat2.5Vand1.25V.因为Vout=2.5V,IDVsat=0.439mA所以Ron=5695当Vout=1.25V,IDvsat=0.41m所以Ron=3049.这样,Vout=2.5VandVout=1.25V之间的平均电阻Raverage=4.372ktpLH=0.69RaverageCL=9.05nsec.tp=av{tpLH,tpHL}=82.0nsecb.Aretherisingandfallingdelaysequal?Whyorwhynot?SolutiontpLHtpHL因为RL=75k远大于有效线性电阻effectivelinearizedon-resistanceofM1.5-5ThenextfigureshowstwoimplementationsofMOSinverters.ThefirstinverterusesonlyNMOStransistors.CalculateVOH,VOL,VMforeachcase.有的参数参考表1解答:电路A.VOH:当M1关掉,M2的阈值是:当下面条件满足的时候,M2将关闭:所以VOUT=VOH=1.765VVOL:假设VIN=VDD=2.5V.我们期望VOUT为低,因此我们可以假设M2工作在速度饱和区,而M1工作在线性区域.因为ID1=ID2,所以VOUT=VOL=0.263V,假设成立VM:当VM=VIN=VOUT.假设两晶体管均工作在速度饱和区域,我们得到下面两个方程:设ID1=ID2,得到VM=1.269V电路B.当VIN=0V,NMOS关掉,PMOS打开,并把VOUT拉到VDD,soVOH=2.5.同