20124749,。,,,tRNAs。11.1“”,,“”,,“”,22。64,6120,(degeneratecodon)(synonymouscodon)。2、3、46[1],2、4、68[2]。1.2,。,,(optimalcodon),(codonbias)。1980,Grantham[3](genomehypothe-sis),,,。,,AT,GC。,,、,。22.1。Bierne[4]3(,),。(),,。,。、;,。2.2G+C。G+C50%,66%G+C,C、G,C。G+C36%,AU。,(C.reinhardtii)(Echinococcusspp.)G+C。,***(610041)(codonbias)。、。,,。:Q755:A*:(11NZYTH03)**102012474,。2.3,,,;,,,、,,,、、。2.4tRNAs,,tRNAs,tRNAs,。,tRNAs。2.5,,,,;,,,,。2.6DNAXia[5]DNAH,AGCU,GT,LAC,;[6],17%21%DNA,,,DNA。2.71、2A、U,3GC,。,。3A、UG、C,,,、,。。3,,。3.1,,;,。3,。3.2mRNA,,mRNA。“”“”,“”,,5′DNA,。3.3、。[7],MHC,mRNA,。,,。。3.4,ATG,ATN;TGA[8]。,,。3.5,。,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!。、、,,,。4,,J.RobertColeman,,,[9]。。,。1AshburnerM..DrosophilaGenomesbytheBaker′sDozen.Preface.Genetics,2007,177(3):1263—8.2,,..,2007,50(8):755-761.3GranthamR.,GautierC.,GouyM.etal.Codoncatalogusageandthegenomehypothesis.NucleicAcidsRes,1980,8(1):r49—r62.4BierneN.,Eyre-WalkerA..VariationinsynonymouscodonuseandDNApolymorphismwithintheDrosophilagenome.JEvolBiol.2006,19(1):1—11.5XiaX..MutationandselectionontheanticodonoftRNAgenesinvertebratemitochondrialgenomes.Gene,2005,345(1):13—20.6,,.DNA.,2010,20(4):14—18.7MaJ.M.,GuW.J.,ZhouT.etal.MethodforthedesignofmRNAdetectingge-nechipbasedoncodonusagebias.JournalofSoutheastUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition),2002,32(4):581—5.8CastroL.R.,RuberuK.,DowtonM..MitochondrialgenomesofVanhorniaeucnemidarum(Apocrita:Vanhorniidae)andPri-meuchroeusspp.(Aculeata:Chrysididae):Evidenceofrearra-ngedmitochondrialgenomeswithintheApocrita(Insecta:Hy-menoptera).Genome.2006,49(7):752—66.9ZhangJ.,WangM.,LiuW.Q.etal.Analysisofcodonusageandnucleotidecompositionbiasinpolioviruses.VirolJ,2011,8:146.(E-mail:wzjdream2005@163.com:zhongjincheng518@126.com)201247411、()、,,,,。。1。(),,、;,,。,,,、。。,,、、(725700)、、,,。:Q311+.1:C