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13120061(();)EarthScienceFrontiers(ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Beijing;PekingUniversity)Vol.13No.1Jan.2006:20051104;:20051124:973(1999045706);(40372109):(1956),,,,,E2mail:chenhh@cugb.edu.cn,,,,,,(),100083CHENHong2han,CHENHong2wei,HEJiang2tao,LIUFei,SHENZhao2li,HANBing,SUNJingBeijingKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandEnvironmentEngineering,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Beijng100083,ChinaCHENHong2han,CHENHong2wei,HEJiang2tao,etal.Health2basedriskassessmentofcontaminatedsites:Principlesandmethods.EarthScienceFrontiers,2006,13(1):2162223Abstract:Weintroducebasicprinciplesandmethodsofthehealthriskassessmentofcontaminatedsitesbasedonoverseaadvancesinthefield.Regardingprinciples,weemphasizethemodeandmechanismofingestionofcontaminantsanddose2responserelationship.Asfortheassessmentmethods,wefocusondatacollection,ex2posureassessment,toxicityassessmentandriskcharacterization.Wehaveputforwardtheconceptsandesti2mationofthesuperposedriskandthetotalmulti2pathwayexposureriskforthesamesubstance,anddiscussedthedifficultiesinassessingthehealthriskofcontaminatedsitesinChina.ItissuggestedthatfordevelopingaChinesehealthriskassessmentsystemofcontaminatedsites,thelawshouldbeenactedfirst.Then,pilotas2sessmentsoftypicalcontaminatedsitesconducted,followedbyhealthriskassessmentguidelinesandtheestab2lishmentoftechnicaldocuments,withmodificationswherenecessaryKeywords:contaminatedsites;healthriskassessment;principles;methods;assessmentsystem;superposedrisk;totalmulti2pathwayexposureriskforthesamesubstance:,4,,,,,,,:;;;;;;:X506;X508:A:10052321(2006)01021608,,,,,,,,,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)217,,,2080,19801988()[123],[427],,1000161994,1996[8],[9210],30a,480t,60,;208078t,25d715mg/L;,,4,,,,,2170mg/L,2090,[11214],,,,,,,,,11113:[6]1,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,()218,,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)13Fig11SchematicdiagramsofallkindsofdosesforthreeexposureroutesJ=KmC(1):J;C,;Km,2(Km/v)(D)(l):Km=Km/vDl(2),,(absorptionfraction,ABS)[6,15]11222,,,,112113:(noobservedadverseeffectlevel,NOAEL)(lowestobservedadverseeffectlevel,LOAEL)(bench2markdose,BMD)NO2AELLOAEL,,2[16217],,,NOA2ELLOAEL,2,/(RfD/RfC)(TDI)(ADI),,NOAELLOAEL,LOAELNOAEL,(3):RfD=NOAEL/(UF1UF2UF3UF4MF)(3),,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)219UF,110;MF,110,[4]112122,,,,2,22,:,2,(pointofdeparture,POD);,,,2,10%95%[18219]2,(),,2,,22,DNA,2,,,,,,,,,,(slopefactor,SF),,234:211,,,4(1):,;;,(2):,(3):(4):212,3:,,,,,,,,21211:220,,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)Intake=CaIRETEFEDBWAT(4):Intake=CpFPIRETEFEDBWAT(5)(4)(5):Intake(mgkg-1d-1);Ca(mg/m3);IR(m3/h);ET(h/d);EF(d/a);ED(a);BW(kg);AT(d);Cp(kg/m3);FP(mg/kg),,,,21212:Intake=CwIREFEDBWAT(6):Intake=CFIRFIEFEDBWAT(7)(6)(7):Cw(mg/L);CF(mg/kg);FI;IR(:L/d;:kg/meal);EF(:d/a;:meal/a),21213:AbsorbedDose=KwpCwSAETEFEDCFBWAT(8):AbsorbedDose=CSFadhSAABSEFEDCFBWAT(9):AbsorbedDose=KapCaSAETEFEDBWAT(10)(8)(10):AbsorbedDose(mgkg-1d-1);Kwp,Kap(cm/h);CS(mg/kg);ABS;SA(cm2);Fadh;CF(:1L/1000cm3;:10-6kg/mg);EF(:d/a;:events/a),213,[4]22,,,(),,,,2,[6],ABCDE5,2[4]214,3214113::Risk0101,Risk=CDISF;Risk0101,Risk=1-exp(-CDISF)(11):HQ=IntakeAbsorbedDose/RfD(12)::(Risk)T=(Risk)i(13),,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)221:HI=HQi(14)Risk,,;CDI(mgkg-1d-1);SF(mg-1kgd-1);HQHI,,,1,,1,:21412,EPACMTP,,[20],21413,,,3,311,,,,,,,,,:(1),,;,;,(2),,,312,3,,,,,,::RiskAT=ni=1RiskAi(15):HIAT=ni=1HQAi(16)RiskAiiA;HQAiiA4,,,:(1),,(2),,222,,,/(EarthScienceFrontiers)2006,13(1)(3),,,,(4),,(5),5,,(1),,(2),,(3),(4),,(5),,(6)6,,,,,,References:[1]CongressofUnitedStates.Comprehensiveenvironmentalre2sponse,compensationandliabilityact[EB/OL].[2]U.S.EPA.Nationaloilandhazardoussubstancepollutioncontingencyplan[EB/OL].FinalRule,50FederalRegister47912,WashingtonDC.[3]U.S.EPA.Nationaloilandhazardoussubstancepollutioncontingencyplan[EB/OL].ProposedRule,53FederalReg2ister51394,WashingtonDC.[4]U.S.EPA.Riskassessmentguidanceforsuperfund:Humanhealthevaluationmanual[EB/OL].[5]U.S.EPA.GuidanceforconductingremedialinvestigationandfeasibilitystudiesunderCERCLA[EB/OL].OfficeofE2mergencyandRemedialResponse,WashingtonDC.[6]U.S.EPA.GuidelinesforexposureAssessment[EB/OL].FederalRegister,WashingtonDC.(104):22888222938.[7]U.S.EPA.Soilscreenguidance[R].OfficeofSolidWasteandEmergencyResponse,WashingtonDC.[8]COLINCF.Assessingriskfromcontaminatedsites:Policyandpracticein16Europeancountries[J].LandContamina2tionandReclamation,1999,7(2):33254.[9]NationalEnvironmentalProtectionCouncil(NEPC).Guide2lineonhealthriskassessmentmethodology[EB/OL].[10]CanadianCouncilofMinistersoftheEnvironment(CCME).Canada2widestandardsforpetroleumhydrocarbonsinsoil[EB/OL].:128.[11]ZHONGZhenglin,ZENGGuangming,YANGChunping.Asummaryofenvironmentalriskassessmentresearch[J].En2vironmentandDevelopment,1998,13(1):39241(inChi2nese).[12]HUErbang.Technologyandmethodsofenvironmentalriskassessment[M].Beijing:ChinaEnvironmentalSciencePress,2000:12482(i