专题七定语从句定语从句思维流程知识点一关系代词引导的定语从句常用关系代词的用法如下:关系代词修饰的先行词所作成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不需要浇太多水的树木。1.关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)只用that引导的定语从句。that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,可以代替who,whom,which等。下列情况只用that而不用which引导定语从句。①当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.你应该上交你拥有的一切。②当先行词前面被theonly,thevery(恰恰,正好),any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoisgiveyousomemoney.我们唯一能做的事情是给你一些钱。③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来抵制污染最好的(方法)。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么?⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthepersonsandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪一辆自行车是你丢的?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?获得金牌的男孩是谁?⑦当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是以前的那座城市了。(2)用which而不用that引导的定语从句①which可引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他没通过数学考试,这令他父亲很生气。②在介词提前的定语从句中,只用which而不用that引导。ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。2.关系代词who,whom和whose的用法(1)关系代词who,whom先行词指人。who是主格,在从句中作主语,不可省略;whom/that在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略;whose是属格,先行词既可指人,也可指物。在定语从句中用作定语,不可省略。Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.(who在从句中作主语)昨天在这里的那个人是画家。Iknowthemanwhomyoumean.(whom在从句中用作宾语,可省略)我认识你指的那个人。Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(whose在从句中用作定语,不可省略)失去父母的孩子叫孤儿。I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.=I’dlikearoom,ofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.=I’dlikearoom,thewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。3.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:(1)such+名词+as...像……一样的,像……之类thesame+名词+as...和……同样的Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们所期望的那样的低价出售了。Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)★such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别:①Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。②Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。第一个句子包含了一个定语从句,因为从句中缺成分;而第二句的从句不缺任何成分,是状语从句。(2)as表示“正如,正像”此时,as从句中常用know,expect,happen,pointout,plan,suggest等单词或短语。Hecamebackhomelate,asweexpected.正如我们所料,他回家晚了。Asispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.正如所指出的,这是个语法问题。1.关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;which表物人用who,人物都有that顾;which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;who作主语很称职,whom用到宾语里。先行若是不定代,that就把which踹;先行词前有两数,就用that定无误;先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑;句中若有therebe,that应把which替;先行主中作表语,避免重复从句里(Justtheonlyverysamelast,其后也要用that)。2.that,which代表物,区别听我来叙述;当表示地点、时间或原因的名词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,用that/which引导。1.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.答案that/which[本题考查定语从句。句意:这古老的城镇拥有狭窄的街道和一些小房子,这些房子都靠得很近。本题为定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,用that/which引导。]2.Theoldtemple________roofwasdamagedinthestormisnowunderrepair.答案whose[该题中先行词为temple,将其代入后面的从句中可知temple作定语,故选whose。]3.Thenewpolicyonlycoverssuchpeople________havemadegreatcontributionstoourcountryduringthewar.答案as[句意:这项新政策只涉及那些在战争中为祖国做出重大贡献的人们。根据句意,判断先行词为people,又因先行词由such修饰,故用as。]4.用who或whom填空,并说明所作成分①Thisisanurse________wearsawhiteskirt.②Heisaworker________worksveryhard.③Sheisateacher________Ilikebest.④Tomisthedriver________wetalkedabout.⑤Doyouknowthegirlto________ourteacheristalking.⑥Sheistheteacherto________studentsshowrespect.⑦Themanagerfor________youhavebeenwaitingiscoming.答案①who作主语②who作主语③who/whom作宾语④who/whom作宾语⑤whom作介词宾语(只能用whom)⑥whom作介词宾语(只能用whom)⑦whom作介词宾语5.whose的用法①Thegirl________isateacherstudiesveryhard.那个女孩学习非常刻苦,她的妈妈是一位教师。②UncleWang________wehavejustpassedisalawyer.我们刚刚经过王叔叔的办公室,他是一位律师。③Arethereanyrooms________facethesea?有没有窗户朝着海的房间?④Thehouse________ispaintedredbelongstotheBrowns.门被刷成红色的那个房子是布朗家的。答案①whosemother②whoseoffice③whosewindows④whosedoor6.把as和that填入下列句子①Thisissuchaninterestingbook________weallwanttoreadtwice.这是一本我们都想读两遍的有趣的书。②Thisissuchaninterestingbook________weallwanttoreadittwice.这本书如此有趣,以至于我们都想再读一遍。答案①as②that7.翻译(thesame...as,thesame...that)①ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.答案这是支和我昨天丢失的一样的钢笔。②ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.答案这就是我昨天丢失的钢笔。as引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词是整个主句,指代主句的内容。8.用适当的词填空①________weallknow,smokingisbadforourhealth.众所周知,抽烟有害健康。②LiMingislate,________isknownbyall.李明迟到了,这是大家都知道的。用as和which填空③LiMingwaslate,________madeMrZhangveryangry.李明迟到了,这让张老师很生气。④________herealized,itwastoolate.正如他意识到的那样,已经晚了。答案①As②as③which④As知识点二关系副词引导的定语从句1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词,表时间用when,表地点用where,表原因用why引导HewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.他将永远记得他父亲从美国回来的那一天。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisthelargestoneinthiscity.他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewasabsenttoday.我不知道他今天为什么没来。2.介词+关系代词=where/when/why/howwhen=表时间的介词(in,at,during)+whichwhere=表地点的介词(in,at,on,under)+whichwhy=表原因的介词(如for)+whichhow=表方式的介词(如in)+which3.关于关系副词where高考对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。实