What-is-civil-engineering(原版)

Whatiscivilengineering?Engineeringisthepracticalapplicationofthefindingsoftheoreticalsciencesothattheycanbeputtoworkforthebenefitofmankind.Engineerisoneoftheoldestoccupationsinthehistoryofmankind.Withouttheskillsincludedinthefieldofengineeringourpresent-daycivilizationcouldneverhaveevolved.Civilengineeringisasubjecthasaverycloserelationshipwithhuman,ithasalonghistory,butitisalsofullofvigorous.Nowcivilengineeringisdefinedasthecivilengineeringisthefloorboardoftechnologytobuildallkindsofengineeringfacilities.Itmeansthatbothappliedmaterials,equipmentandthesurvey,design,construction,maintenancesuchtechnologyactivities,alsoreferstotheobjectofconstruction,namelytotheengineeringfacilitiesserviceourlife,productiondirectlyorindirectlybuildonthegroundorunderground,onshoreorunderwater,suchashouses,road，railways,bridges,dams,port,powerstations,airports,hydraulicstructures,watersupplyanddrainageandprotectionengineeringandsoon.Providegoodfunction,comfortablebeautifulspaceandchanneltomeethumanactivities’need,alsoperformanceforwaterproofinfestations,waterconservancyandenvironmentalmanagement,thisistheprimarypurposeandthestartingpointofthecivilengineering.Shelter,oneoftheprimaryneedsofmankind,isprovidedbycivilengineers.Theefficientplanningofwatersupplyandirrigationsystemsincreasesthefoodproductioninacountry.Shelters,apartfromjustbeingshelters,havebeenconstructedbycivilengineerstoprovideapeacefulandcomfortablelife.Thedevelopmentofcivilengineeringwentthroughalongphylogeny.Buildhouseistheearliestcivilengineeringprojectsmankindbegins,inpaleolithictimes.Peopleperchedonthetrees,orliveinanaturalcave,afterwards,asthepopulationincrease,peoplestarttousestoneorbranchestobuildself-stipulationthemselvesimitatenaturalcoverup,thisisthebeginningofcivilengineering.Fromslavesociety,feudalsociety,totoday,civilengineering,eachinmaterial,constructiontechnologyandtheoryvariousaspectshavemadegreatprogress.Theengineeringmarvelsoftheworld,startingfromthepyramidstotoday’sthinshellstructures,aretheresultofthedevelopmentincivilengineering.Anydisciplineofengineeringisavastfieldwithvariousspecialisations.ThemajorspecialisationsofcivilengineeringareStructuralengineering,Geotechnicalengineering,Fluidmechanics,hydraulicsandhydraulicmachines,Transportationengineering,Watersupply,sanitaryandenvironmentalengineering,Irrigationengineering,Surveying,levellingandremotesensingandsoon.Civilengineeringmaterialisthefoundationofcivilengineering,thenewmaterialappearswillpromotearchitecturalformsinnovation,withdesignandconstructionprocesscorrespondinglyimprovementandinnovation.Civilengineeringmaterialisgraduallydevelopedfromscratchassociatedwithhumansocietyadvancesandproductiveforcesdevelopmentofsociety,fromnaturalmaterialtoartificialmaterial,fromhandicraftproductiontoindustrialproductionseveralstages.Intheneolithicage,humansbeganusingthenaturalmaterialsuchasclaywoodtobuilthouse,withthedevelopmentofhumanproductiontools,naturalstonematerialbeginextensivelyuse,19thcenturysteel,cement,concreteandreinforcedconcretecivilengineeringmaterialappearsandapplication,isthecivilengineeringmaterialsrevolutioninthehistory.Inthe20thcenturyappearedplasticalloy,stainlesssteelandsomenewcivilengineeringmaterialswithspecialfunction,whichmakesthe21stcenturycivilengineeringmaterialsdevelopedtowardslightweighthighstength,highdurability,functionality,intelligenthigh-performancematerialsandenvironment-friendlygreenbuildingmaterials.Intoday’sworld,civilengineeringworksallovertheworld,suchasfamousSydneyOperaHouse,ShanghaiWorldFinancialCenter,andsoon,Theoriginalbeautifulearthaddedtoabeautifulcolourdressedupbycivilengineers,withitsnatureoriginalfeaturesconstituteabeautifulnewcolourworld.Thedevelopmentarebothexcitinginthissubjectanditsemployment.Withtheurbanconstructionandroadconstructioncontinuestoheatup,theemploymentsituationofcivilengineeringcontinuedtoriseinrecentyears.Findajob,intermsofthemajorityofgraduatesarenotdifficult,however,theemploymentprospectsofcivilengineeringandthedirectionofnationalpolicyandeconomicdevelopmentiscloselyrelated,thepaylevelsinrecentyears,showingatendencythatmanagementiapaymorethantechnology,andshiftfromtechnologymanagement,theshiftfromtechnologytomanagement,however,formoststudentsofcivilengineeringarenoteasy.Engineeringisthepracticalapplicationofthefindingsoftheoreticalsciencesothattheycanbeputtoworkforthebenefitofmankind.Engineeringisoneoftheoldestoccupationsinthehistoryofmankind.Withouttheskillsincludedinthefieldofengineeringourpresent-daycivilizationcouldneverhaveevolved.Civilengineeringisabranchofengineeringthatdealswiththedesignandconstructionofstructuresthatareintendedtobestationary,suchasbuildingsandhouses,tunnels,bridges,canals,highways,airports,portfacilities,androadbedsforrailroads.土木工程是工程学的一个分支，它主研究各种固定建筑物的设计和建造，包括建筑、房屋、隧道、桥梁、河道、公路、机场、港口设施以及铁路路基的设计和修建。Amongitssubdivisionsarestructuralengineering,dealingwithpermanentstructures;hydraulicengineering,dealingwiththeflowofwaterandotherfluids;andenvironment/sanitaryengineering,dealingwithwatersupply,waterpurificati