初中英语语法—主谓一致

网站版权所有英语主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：1、语法一致：2、意义一致：3、就近原则：主谓一致、语法一致：语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。Hispenisblue.Theseshoessellwell.2、意义一致：从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。Twomonthsisalongtime.Thecrowdwereworkingoverthere.3、就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。Thereisachairandtwodesksintheroom.NeitheryounorIamright.、并列结构做主语：①.两个或两个以上的单数名词或代词由and或both…and连接时，如果指的是两个人或事物，谓语代词用复数形式。Ateacherandawriteraregoingtospeakatthemeeting.注意：如果由and连接的两个词指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)Aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals.网站版权所有②.由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,every,no或manya修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Everyboyandeverygirlistaughttoreadandwrite.Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenit.网站版权所有③.一个名词后面有aswellas,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,等起连接作用的词语带其它名词,谓语动词和第一个名词一致。Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthispainting.MysistertogetherwithJaneandJamesisgone.He,likeyouandXiaoLiisveryclever.AllstudentsexceptTomaregoing.网站版权所有④.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数按最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定。YouorIamtogotothebusstop.Eitheryouorheknowssomethingaboutit.、不定代词做主语不定代词each,neither,either以及包含some,any,every,nobody的复合不定代词，在意义上都属于单数。它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachstudenthasadictionary.Everyminuteisimportanttous.Nobodywasseenontheplayground.注意:Eachofthem____(have)theirownroom.(each作主语,谓语用单数)Theyeach_____(have)theirownrooms.(each作同位语,谓语与They一致)、集体名词做主语①.people,police等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.Thepolicearestandingthere.②.all指人时用复数谓语动词，指事物时用单数。Allarehere.大家都到了。Allgoeswell.一切都很好。网站版权所有③.family,class,team，group等集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；指其各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：Myfamilyisabigone.我家是个大家庭。HisfamilyareallworkinginBeijing.他全家人都在北京工作。Theclasshasfiftystudents.这个班有50个学生。Theclassarelisteningtotheirteacher.这个班的同学正在听老师讲课。网站版权所有④.由两部分构成的物体名词,如trousers,shorts(短裤),pants(裤子,衬裤),socks(短袜),gloves(手套),glasses(眼镜),shoes,其它以-s结尾的名词如clothes等,一般作复数用,连用的动词和代词也用复数形式。Mytrousersarebeingwashed.但是,如果表示成双的东西的名词前面有pairof修饰时,其谓语动词就要与pair的数一致。再如：akindof，twoboxesof，threepiecesof等。Thispairofglassesbelongstohim.Threepairsofshoeswerelost.注意:alotof,plentyof,anumberof不符合此规则。网站版权所有“anumberof+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number,谓语动词用单数。试比较：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：anumberof，Thenumberof网站版权所有当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.注意：百分数、分数作主语时、特殊名词做主语①.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词做主语时，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要要复数。TheTimes(《泰晤士报》)isanoldnewspaper.TheUnitedNations(《联合国》)wasfoundedin1943.②.以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths,physics,politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.Thenewswasveryinteresting.、数量概念做主语①.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词做主语时，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Tenyearsisalongtime.Fiveminutesisenough.Twentydollarshasbeenpaid.Twokillgramsofvegetablesisenough.②.数学运算中的谓语动词用单数。Sevenandeightisfifteen.Twotimesthreeissix.网站版权所有③.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Manyastudentgoestothecinema.许多学生去看电影。Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个答案。④.therestof…短语做主语时，若of后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；若of后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。Therestofthestudentsaregoingtothepark.Therestofmoneyisn’tenough.、名词化的形容词做主语主语由“the+形容词”结构担任，表示某表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thericharenotalwayshappy.Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthevillage.、动名词、不定式或从句做主语动名词、不定式或从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Toplaywithfireisverydangerous.Readinginbedisbadforyoureyes.Whattheteachersaidishelpfultous.、在主谓语倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Herecomesanoldlady!Onthewallwerefamouspaintings.注意：以here，there等地点或时间副词开头的句子,谓语动词是be,come,go等，而主语又是名词时，用全部倒装。如果句子的主语是代词时，则不倒装。Herecomesthebus!Hereitcomes!Hereyouare。网站版权所有①.关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Thosewhowanttogoshouldmeethere.Tomlikesmusicthathasgreatlyrics.②.在某些句型中:oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句+复数谓语theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句+单数谓语HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoBeijing.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoBeijing9、定语从句中主谓一致:主谓一致巩固练习网站版权所有7.Everyboyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveni