影像学-中英文名词解释

医学影像学名词解释Accessorylobe:additionalpleuraextendingintothepulmonarysegments,formingadditionalpulmonarylobe.Themostcommonlyseenareazygoslobeintheinnerzonesuperiortotherighthilum,andinferioraccessorylobeintheinnerzoneofinferiorlobe.Airbronchogramsign:Becausetheairinthealveoliisreplacedbyexudates,whiletheairinthebronchusisnotdisplacedandremainpatent.Thisproducescontrastbetweentheairinthebronchialtreeandthesurroundingairlessparenchyma.Ankylosisofjoint:bonyorfibroustissuesconnectthearticularsurface.Inplainfilm,itischaracterizedbyanarrowedarticularspace.Whetherthetrabeculaepassthroughthearticularspacedistinguishesbonyorfibrousankylosis.Artificialcontrast:Thoseorgansorspaceslackofnaturalcontrast，canberenderdetobevisiblebymeansofcontrastagentstocreateanartificialcontrast.Bonedestruction:localizedabsenceofnormalbonetissueandreplacedbypathologicaltissues.Boththecorticalandspongybonearedestructedbecauseofeithertheabsorptionofbonetissuesortheactivationofosteoclastsbythepathologicaltissue.Inplainfilm,itappearstobeadecreaseinbonedensitylocally,absenceofnormalbonetissue,andprobablyworm-eatenorsievelikecorticalbone.Cavity:formedasaresultoftheexpulsionofnecrotictissuesthroughbronchus.Itcanbedevidedintoworm-eaten,thin-walled,andthick-walledcavities.oftenseeninTB,pulmonaryabscess,andlungcancer.Codman’triangle:Codman’triangleisduetodirecterosionofthealreadyformedperiostealnewbonebyfastgrowingtumor.Colles’fracture:Thefracturelineiswithin2-3cmfromthearticularendoftheradius,thedistalfragmentisdisplaceddorsallyandradiallyandisoftenassociatedwithfractureofthestyloidprocessoftheulnaandseparationoftheradioulnarjoint.CTR:theratiobetweenmaximaltransversediameteroftheheart:summationofmaximaldiameterfromleftandrightmarginoftheheartrespectivelytothemidline,andmaximalwidthofthethorax:ahorizontallinepassingthroughtherightdiaphragmaticapexbetweeninneredgesofthethorax.maximuminadults:0.5Degenerationofjoint:degeneratedandnecroticarticularcartilage,replacedbyfibroustissuesgradually.Whenthebonysurfaceisinvolved,itcancausehyperostosisofthebone,whichleadstorougharticularsurface,formationofosteophyte,andossificationofligament.Itisoftenseeninweight-bearingorfrequentlyusedjoints.Destructionofbone:Bonetissueeliminationcausedbysclerotinpartlysubstitutedwithpathologicorganism.Roentgenologically,itshowsosteolyticboneareasofdecreaseddensityandlossofbonestructures.Doublecontour:OnPAfilm,therightborderofanenlargedleftatriummayproduceanextrashadowsuperimposedontherightcardiacborder,givingadoublecontour.Earlygastriccancer:Earlygastriccancerisdefineascarcinomalimitedtothemucosaandsubmucosaregardlessofthepresenceorabsenceoflymphnodeinvolvement.Epiphysealfracture:occursinchildren’slongbone,fortheepiphysishasnotlinkedwithmetaphysic,sotheymayseparatewhenthereisanexternalforceacting.Inplainfilm,theepiphysisandmetaphysisarenotinthenormalplace,ortheepiphysealplateisbroaderthannormal.Thefracturelinedoesnotexist.FillingDefect:Fillingdefectiscausedbyaspaceoccupingmassproducingdefectonthebarium.Fracture:acomplete/incompletebreakinthecontinuityofaboneoracartilage.Incompletefracturesincludecrack~andgreenstick~.Completefracturesincludetransverse,oblique,vertical,spiral,fragmented,impacted,compression,andavulsion~.GreenstickFracture:Greenstickfractureoccuralmostexclusivelyduringinfancyandchildhood.Itisnoteasyforexternalforcetocausethebonecortexcompletebreakbecauseofitspliant,sothiskindoffractureshowedbucklingofthecortexwithoutfracturelinesoratransverfractureoccurinthecortex,extendingintothemidportoftheboneandthenorientingalongthelongitudinalaxisofthebonewithoutdisruptingtheoppositecortex.Hilardance:underfluorescence,therewillbeanobviouslyenhancedpulsationofthehilararteriesinpulmonaryhypertension,seenincongenitalheartdiseaseswithleft-to-rightshunt.Hyperostosisosteoscleroses:osteosclerosisisabnormalhardeningorincreaseddensityofboneonradiographsIntrapulmonaryaircontainingspace:pathologicaldistensionofphysiologicalspaceinthelung.Itappearstobearoundtranslucencywithasmoothwallabout1mminX-rays.suchasbullaeandaircontainingbronchialcysts.InvertedScurvesign:PAfilm,atelectasisoftherightsuperiorlobe,elevatedhorizontalfissure,hilarmass,centralbronchogeniccarcinomaintherightsuperiorlobeKerleyline:pulmonaryinterstitialedema,formedduetothickeninginteralveolarseptaindifferentarea.A:stretchingformtheouterzonetothehilumobliquely,seeninacuteLHF;B:inthecostophrenicangle,2-3cmlong,stretcheshorizontally,seeninMSandchronicLHF;C:intheinferiorfield,netlike,seeninseverepulmonaryvenoushypertension.KidneyAutonephretomy:Thecaseouslesionofrenaltuberculosiscanproducecalcification,andevenresultincalcificationofentirekidneycalledautonephritomyLungmarkings:consistingofpulmonarya.,v.,bronchi,andlymphtissues.Inplainfilm,itappearstobebranchlikeshadowradiatingoutwardfromthehilumanddisappearwithagradualreductioninsize.Niche:Onprofile,thisunchangingcollectionofbariumwillprojectoutsidetheconfinesofthestomach.Osteomalacia:Osteomalaciaisagroupofdisordersresultingfrominadequateordelayedmineralizationofosteoidinmaturecorti