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StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStatehavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup’scontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents’energy;hence,byignoringitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtosaint-simonianismEuropeanhistorians’appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon’sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirutopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievethatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.1.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsiderthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesas“solitary”tobe[A]insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthought.[B]overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848.[C]notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeographicalscope.[D]insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconference.2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof[A]approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch.[B]disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simonians’energyafter1832.[C]approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions.[D]disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts.3.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingascharacteristicoftheSaint-SimoniansEXCEPT[A]Thegroupincludedmanywomenamongitsmembers.[B]Thegroupbelievedinaworldthatwouldbecharacterizedbysexualequality.[C]ThegroupwasamongtheearliestEuropeansocialistgroups.[D]Mostmembersbelievedthatwomenandmenwereinherentlysimilarinabilityandcharacter.4.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheSaint-Simoniansenvisionedautopiansocietyhavingwhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?[A]Itwouldbeworldwide.[B]Itwouldemphasizedogmaticreligiousprinciples.[C]ItwouldmostinfluencetheUnitedStates.[D]Itwouldhavearmiescomposedofwomenratherthanofmen.5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostaccuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaint-Simonians?[A]Asocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensiveeducation.[B]Asocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedcomplementaryrolesandhadequalstatus.[C]Asocietyinwhichwomendidnotenterpubliclife.[D]Asocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldruletogetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower.1.【答案】A【考点解析】本题是一道标点符号题。通过本题题干中的“solitary”一词可将本题的答案信息中心确定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句话，通过仔细阅读和理解本句话以及本句前后的两句话，可以得出本题的正确选项A。其实美国的女权主义运动者并不“孤单”(solitary)，因为她们的思想和行动是和欧洲大陆的女权主义者有着千丝万缕的联系，是国际女权运动的一部分。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符号，更要善于对原文的细节进行推导。2.【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中的“Europeanhistorians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句，通过阅读本句分号前后的内容，可以推导出作者的态度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分号前半部分所表达的内容。本题的正确答案应该是B。考生在解题时一定要注意原文细节的推导，尤其是分句之间存在因果关系的时候。3.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。但是本题的题干确没有明确给出本题在原文中的准确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住：每当自己迷失答题思路时，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主题句，这会帮助考生寻找到解题的思路。本题的正确答案应该是D，因为选项D所表达的内容和本文尾段第一、二句所表达的内容相反。选项A、B、C的内容分别在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题时一定要牢记段落主题句。4.【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。从本题题干中的“env