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:2008-05-27;:2008-11-03:(:200603746006):(1984),,,3:,E2mail:lmsafety@nankai1edu1cn,3(,300071):(EPA)IEUBKwin;10g/dl65104%,,,,,,,,312,117,,:;;:X18;R99416:A:1002-221X(2009)01-0031-04InvestigationonhealthriskbyenvironmentalleadpollutioninchildrenSHIJie,LIUMao*(ResearchCenterforUrbanPublicSafety,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China)Abstract:ObjectiveToassessthehealthriskofchildrenlivinginleadpollutedcityofChina.MethodsThebloodleadlevelsofchildrenincertainindustrializedcitywerecalculatedusingIEUBKwinsoftwaredevelopedbyEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,US.ThentheincidenceofmildmentalretardationwasobtainedwiththemethodintroducedinLead2AssessingtheEnvironmentalBurdenofDiseaseatNationalandLocalLevelspublishedbyWorldHealthOrganization.ResultsTheprobabili2tyratiothatthebloodleadlevelover10g/dl(toxicitythreshold),wasupto65104%,whichwashigherthantheaveragelev2elinChina.Otherwise,theincidenceofmildmentalretardationwasalsohigherthanthatofothercitiesinChina,whichwas312timeshigherthantheestimatedincidenceforEastAsiabyWHO.ConclusionsItwassuggestedthattheleadpollutioninthiscitywasquiteserious,andthehealthriskcausedbyleadpollutionwasquitebiginchildren.Consequently,thecontrolmeasuresmustbetakenforblockingthedevelopmentofleadpollutioninthisarea.Keywords:Leadpollution;Bloodleadlevel;Mildmentalretardation,,,,,,,,,,(EPA),[1]2002,EPA,IEUBKwin[2],(WHO)(EBD),[3],[4]EBD,,EPA,IEUBKwin,IEUBK,WHO111111111,,,1320092221ChineseJIndMedFeb2009,Vol.22No.1EPA,:,Marcus[2]:Ui=CiQiAiUii,Cii(),Qi(12),Aii[5]1EPA201122334455667(m3/d)23555772EPA201122334455667(g/d)01085011350113501135011000109001085,,,[6],,,,EPA2002,IEUBKwin,()11112WHO,,520g/dl,5g/dl11320g/dl,315[3]5070,(MMR),5g/dl,,MMRMMR[3],,MMR[3],WHO,3103,:I(MMR)=AR[(R1P1)+(R2P2)+(R3P3)+(R4P4)],AR,3103;R1R2R3R4510g/dl1015g/dl1520g/dl20g/dl;P1P2P3P4707016570711957073125707315,010024010080101450100159112,:200119962000,[7]2004[8]200551,,,Monte2Carlo[5]2006[9],2211[9](3)IEUBKwin,13(g/m3)(g/g)(g/g)()11877104711212061741IEUBK1Y,,,,5g/dl,,5g/dl113,20g/dl,,5g/dl20g/dl,5g/dl,,,,5101520g/dl,445g/dl10g/dl15g/dl20g/dl(%)961881651040311780131875,40%10g/dl[10],85197%,2320092221ChineseJIndMedFeb2009,Vol.22No.1,,:(1),,,,,;(2),IEUBKwin,()(),;(3),,,212MMRIEUBKwin,55,1000MMR:I(MMR)=3103[(318124010024)+(33314601008)+(178172010145)+(138122010159)]=241908(/1000)5(g/dl)1000(%)51001317510165317151012410150133350119533315001801520011790531251791051145200113875315013817511593311(CDC)199130,10g/dl,[11],(6[1217])610g/dl19928%(6)Langlois[12]19927%PÊnk¾[13]1992199416%Mira[14]200313%DorotaJarosinska[15]2003212%P1A1Meyer[16]Paran20025916%ClariceUmbeliaodeFyeitas[17]Bauru20023616%ClariceUmbelinodeFreitas[17],,3318%10g/dl9196502,29191%[9],,,,,,,,,,,10g/dl65104%,,312MMRWHO,,MMRDorotaJarosinska200620012005,MMR211110[4]OpConnell2006,MMR,0125[18](SouthAsiaEnvironmentandSocialDevelopmentUnit)2006,MMR1615[19]WHO2000,MMR,1416314717[4],MMR2419,WHO312,117,,,,IEUBKwinWHOMMR,,,313,IEUBK;,,,,4,3320092221ChineseJIndMedFeb2009,Vol.22No.1IEUBKwin,WHO(MMR),,,,,,:[1]USEPA.Guidelinesforthehealthriskassessmentofchemicalmix2tures[OL].http:[2]USEPA.Userpsguidefortheintegratedexposureuptakebiokineticmodelforleadinchildren(IEUBK)[OL].http:[3]WorldHealthOrganization.Leadassessingtheenvironmentalburdenofdiseaseatnationalandlocallevels[OL].http:[4]JarosinskaD,BiesiadaM,GracaMM.Environmentalburdenofdis2easeduetoleadinurbanchildrenfromSilesia,Poland[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2006,367:71279.[5],,,.[J].,2005,25(9):123621241.[6]USEPA.Technicalsupportdocument:parametersandequationsusedintheintegratedexposureuptakebiokineticmodelforleadinchildren[OL].http:[7],,,.[J].,2001,16(3):26229.[8],,.[J].,2004,30(3):3052310.[9],.[J].,2006,18(5):6210.[10],,,.[J].,2005,26(6):1532158.[11]ChiodoLM,CovingtonC,SokolRJ,etal.Bloodleadlevelsandspecificattentioneffectsinyoungchildren[J].NeurotoxicologyandTeratology,2007,29:5382546.[12]LangloisP,SmithL,FlemingS,etal.BloodleadlevelsinTorontochildrenandabatementofleadcontaminatedsoilandhousedust[J].ArchivesofEnvironmentalHealth,1996,51:59267.[13]PÊnk¾A,SalminenE,AhonenS.LeadintheambientairandbloodspecimensofchildreninHelsinki[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1993,138:3012308.[14]MiraM,SmithJB,CauseJ,etal.BloodleadconcentrationofpreschoolchildreninCentralandSouthernSydney[J].MedicalJournalofAustralia,1996,164:3992402.[15]JarosinskaD,PeddadaS,RoganWJ.AssessmentofleadexposureandassociatedriskfactorsinurbanchildreninSilesia,Poland[J].EnvironmentalResearch,2004,95:1332142.[16]MeyerPA,PivetzT,DignamTA,etal.SurveillanceforelevatedbloodleadlevelsamongchildrenUnitedStates,19972001[J].MMWRSurveillanceSummary,2003,52(10):1221.[17]FreitasCU,CapitaniEM,GourveiaN,etal.Leadexposureinanurbancommunity:Investigationofriskfactorsandassessmentoftheimpactofleadabatementmeasures[J].EnvironmentalResearch,2007,103:3382344.[1