高二英语选修七unit4语法--导学案

高二英语选修七unit4语法--导学案1/5波峰中学高二英语课前双基预习案（A）姓名班级组别编制辛成霞时间编号05审批选修七Unit4Grammar【学习目标】学生可以熟练掌握限制性定语从句的用法和构成，并能在文章中理解其含义。【重点难点】复习限制性定语从句的用法，能够正确使用关系代词和关系副词。会分析定语从句的构成，了解先行词，关系代词，关系副词等概念。【完成目标】一、概念1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以放在句首。2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：(1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；(2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）;常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but1.that多指物，有时也指人。在从句中作主语或宾语，有时作表语，作宾语时常省略。2.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。3.who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语，在口语及非正式文体中常省略。5.whose可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。6.as指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。当先行词被thesame，as，such等修饰时，多用as引导。7.but文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,没有……不……,在从句中作主语，宾语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)2)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）3)whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.4)关系代词that和which(1)不用that的情况：a)在引导非限定性定语从句时(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介词后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只高二英语选修七unit4语法--导学案2/5用that，不用which。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时，只用that。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwasThePrinceandthePauperbyMarkTwin.d)先行词既有人，又有物时。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.f)关系代词在从句中做表语Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.(3)用which不用that的情况a)which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不能。(非限制性定语从句将在M1U3复习)Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry．b)which可以用在介词后，that不可。ThatisthehouseinwhichMarkTwainusedtolive．c)一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导。另一个不能再用that，而用which。HeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime．5)who、whom及whosewho、whom、whose作为关系代词既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词主要指人，其中whose也可指物。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语或表语时用whom或who，表示所属关系时用whose。(1)whose的用法whose表示所属关系，与名词连用，可指人或物。“whose＋名词”在从句中可作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语。a)WhenIlookedthroughthewindow,Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.(whosebeauty作主语，whose指人agirl)b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.(whoseimportance作动词realize的宾语，whose指物ameeting)c)Atlas(inGreekmythology)wasakneelingmanonwhoseshoulderstheworldrested.(whoseshoulders作介词on的宾语)(2)多用who的情况a)关系代词在从句中做主语Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.b)先行词为those,people时Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.c)先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.d)在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.e)在被分隔的定语从句中AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.f)在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定高二英语选修七unit4语法--导学案3/5语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.(3)who和whom的区别：a)不能用whom在从句中作主语，只能作宾语或表语。而who作主语、宾语、表语均可。例如：a)Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.b)Thegirlwho/whomwesupposeddrownedcameback.b)whom在作动词或介词宾语时，特别是在口语中，一般省去，或用who、that代替。而在以介词结尾的定语从句中最好不用whom。例如：Ithinkyoushouldstayfaithfultothepersonwhomyou'remarriedto.(×)上面一句一般被认为是不正确的，宜改为：Ithinkyoushouldstayfaithfultothepersonwho/thatyou’remarriedto.(口语中)Ithinkyoushouldstayfaithfultothepersonyou’remarriedto.Ithinkyoushouldstayfaithfultothepersontowhomyou’remarried.(正式文体中)c)在非限制性定语从句中，最好whom用作宾语，且不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.6)关系代词who，whom和which的选用在某些特定的情况下，要使用who，whom或which，一般不使用that。①非限制性定语从句中不用that，指人时用who或whom，指物时用which。MrWang，whoWasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear．(此句中的who不能用that)Thisisthebook，whichheboughtyesterday.②介词后用whom指人，用which指物，不用that。D0youknowtheboytowhomIspokejustnow?Thisisthefactoryinwhichheworks．③如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词用了that,后一句宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichWasnewlyopentous．波峰中学高二英语课后能力练(B)练习巩固一、用适当的关系词填空：1.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,________isthebestseasonthere.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays________Ispentwithyourfamily.3.I'llneverforgetthelastday________wespenttogether.4.Doyoustillremembertheplace________wevisitedlastweek?5.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_______isfamousfortheWestLake?6.Who_______knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?7.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother_______youdidn'tlike?8.Helivesintheroom_________windowfacestothesouth.9.ThisisMr.Johnfor_________sonIbroughtabookyesterday.10.ThisisMr.Johnfor________Iboughtabookyesterday.二、根据提示完成句子1.Lastnight,Johnwasansweringthelettersthat____________________(寄给他的)duringthe高二英语选修七unit4语法--导学案4/5pasttwoweeks.(arrive)2.Learningstrategies,to___________________(老师们认为)importance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.(attach)3.Mymotherwassopr