英语修辞手法大全(免费下载)

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1英语修辞手法(Englishrhetoric)1)Simile:(明喻)Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like,as,asif,asthough等Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry./Thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.2)Metaphor:(暗喻)Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。Forexample,theworldisastage./Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.3)Analogy:(类比)Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.4)Personification:(拟人)Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。1、Shemayhavetensofthousandofbabiesinonesummer.(From“WatchingAnts”)一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.5)Hyperbole:(夸张)Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。1、Mybloodfroze.我的血液都凝固了。Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述)Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.7)Euphemism:(委婉)Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,werefertodieas”passaway.8)Metonymy(转喻)Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。A、Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonyhhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem...几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。“word”在这里代替了“news,information”(消息、信息)B、Alspokewithhiseyes,“yes”.艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”。“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。9)Synecdoche(提喻)Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。1、TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstonesandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。句中的“thefleshandblood”喻为“thegreatsacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.10)Antonomasia(换喻)Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawise2man.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.11)Pun:(双关语)Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。Napoleonwasastonished.”Eitheryouaremad,orIam,”hedeclared.“Both,sir!”criedtheSwedeproudly.“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(Herearmshastwomeanings:aperson'sbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.)/Napoleonwasastonished.”Eitheryouaremad,orIam,”hedeclared.“Both,sir!”criedtheSwedeproudly.“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役12)Syllepsis:(一语双叙)Ithastwoconnotations.Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax(句法).Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.(Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.)Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.(Heretolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.)13)Zeugma:(轭式搭配)Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.Forexample,Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.(Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtoburn)14)Irony:(反语)Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.反语(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。Well,ofcourse,Iknewthatgentlemenlikeyoucarryonlylargenotes.啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”而已。Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealgood.15)Innuendo:(暗讽)Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout(曲折)wayatsomethingdisparaging(不一致)oruncomplimentary(不赞美)tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.16)Sarcasm:(讽刺)ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Forexample,lawsarelikecobwebs,whic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