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ErnestHemingwayBiography1899-1961BorninIllinoistowell-educatedandrespectableparentswhowereadoctorandamusician.“hated”hismotherformakinghimlearncello,thoughitwasusefulforhiswriting.Hisdadfirsttaughthimtheoutdoorsportsthatlaterplayedsuchahugeroleinhisworks:hunting,fishing,camping.Itinstilledinhimatasteforoutdooradventuresandisolatedareas.The6monthshespentasajournalistafterhighschoolprovedfundamentaltohiswritingcareer:Useshortsentences.Useshortfirstparagraphs.UsevigorousEnglish.Bepositive,notnegative.BiographyIn1918,hewenttotheItalianfrontinWWIasanambulancedriver.Munitionsfactoryexplosion(collectedfulldeadbeforefragments)EarnedtheItalianSilverMedalforBraveryafterpullingwoundedsoldierstoslaverydespitebeingbadlywoundedhimselfthroughmortarfire.GotengagedtoRedCrossnurseAgnesKurowsky,whoabandonedhim.Cominghomein1919,hewasn’tsurewhattodowithhimself.Afteraperiodofreadjustment,heacceptedajobinCanadaasajournalist.BiographyMarriedfirstwifeHadleyRichardsonandmovedtoParis.“Themostinterestingpeopleintheworld”–the“LostGeneration.”Stein,Pound,Joyce,Picasso,etc.Shortstories,journalism,warcorrespondence–allwrittenwhiletravelingtheworldwithHadley.VisitstoSpaindevelopedHemingway’sloveofbullfighting–“Papa”DivorcedHadley,marriedPaulinePfeiffer.Continuedtravelingandpublishingandgoingonadventures(huntinginAfrica).Deathofhisfatherbysuicidebcofmoneytroubles.TheletterErnesthadwrittenofferingtohelparrivedminutesafter.BiographyCoveringtheSpanishCivilWarMovetoCubaSplitfromPauline,marriedMarthaGelhorn,whomhe’dworkedwithinSpain.DuringWWIIhewasawarcorrespondent.DivorcefromMary,“bully.”–MaryWelshWasn’tallowedtodisembarkatNormandylandingsBecameaninfantrycaptaintoagroupofResistance(andgotintotroubleforitundertheGenevaConvention)LiberationofParis,battleofHurtgen,BattleoftheBulgeBronzestarforbraveryBiographySeeTookyvideo!!Thetakeaway:Hemingwaylivedarockstarlifefullofadventureandfameandworldwidetravels–butitmaskedalcoholism,healthissues,andloneliness.Wikipedia(writingstyle)TheNewYorkTimeswrotein1926ofHemingway'sfirstnovel,NoamountofanalysiscanconveythequalityofTheSunAlsoRises.Itisatrulygrippingstory,toldinalean,hard,athleticnarrativeprosethatputsmoreliteraryEnglishtoshame.[163]TheSunAlsoRisesiswritteninthespare,tightprosethatmadeHemingwayfamous,and,accordingtoJamesNagel,changedthenatureofAmericanwriting.[164]In1954,whenHemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature,itwasforhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea,andfortheinfluencethathehasexertedoncontemporarystyle.[165]Wikipedia(writingstyle)Becausehebeganasawriterofshortstories,BakerbelievesHemingwaylearnedtogetthemostfromtheleast,howtoprunelanguage,howtomultiplyintensitiesandhowtotellnothingbutthetruthinawaythatallowedfortellingmorethanthetruth.HemingwaycalledhisstyletheIcebergTheory:thefactsfloatabovewater;thesupportingstructureandsymbolismoperateoutofsight.Theconceptoftheicebergtheoryissometimesreferredtoasthetheoryofomission.Hemingwaybelievedthewritercoulddescribeonething(suchasNickAdamsfishinginTheBigTwo-HeartedRiver)thoughanentirelydifferentthingoccursbelowthesurface(NickAdamsconcentratingonfishingtotheextentthathedoesnothavetothinkaboutanythingelse).SmithwritesthatHemingway'sfirststories,collectedasInOurTime,showedhewasstillexperimentingwithhiswritingstyle.Heavoidedcomplicatedsyntax.About70percentofthesentencesaresimplesentences—achildlikesyntaxwithoutsubordination.Wikipedia(writingstyle)Hemingwayhabituallyusedthewordandinplaceofcommas.Thisuseofpolysyndetonmayservetoconveyimmediacy.Hemingway'spolysyndetonicsentence—orinlaterworkshisuseofsubordinateclauses—usesconjunctionstojuxtaposestartlingvisionsandimages.Bensoncomparesthemtohaikus.ManyofHemingway'sfollowersmisinterpretedhisleadandfrowneduponallexpressionofemotion;SaulBellowsatirizedthisstyleasDoyouhaveemotions?Stranglethem.However,Hemingway'sintentwasnottoeliminateemotion,buttoportrayitmorescientifically.Hemingwaythoughtitwouldbeeasy,andpointless,todescribeemotions;hesculptedcollagesofimagesinordertograsptherealthing,thesequenceofmotionandfactwhichmadetheemotionandwhichwouldbeasvalidinayearorintenyearsor,withluckandifyoustateditpurelyenough,always.ThisuseofanimageasanobjectivecorrelativeischaracteristicofEzraPound,T.S.Eliot,JamesJoyce,andProust.ThemesLoveWarWildernessLossNatureAmericanWestExistentialismEmasculation(men)/emancipation(women)AlcoholNovels(1926)TheTorrentsofSpring(1926)TheSunAlsoRises(1929)AFarewelltoArms(1937)ToHaveandHaveNot(1940)ForWhomtheBellTolls(1950)AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees(1952)TheOldManandtheSeaLet’sbuildatimelinetogether.FarewelltoArmsOptionforThursday?Faulknerormovie?You’llstillberesponsibletoreadthechapterandstudythePPTonFaulknerfortheexam.Let’ssummarizeActivityIngroupsof2-4people,pickonefullpagefromChapterXLI.Together:What’sthelongestsentenceyoucanfind?Howmanywordsdoesithave?Howabouttheshortestsentence?Howmanyadverbsarethereonthepage?Howmanyadjectives?Arethereanysectionsthatarejustnarration,orisitalldialogue?Activitypart2Choose1-2paragraphsfromanyotherstoryinyourbook.Your