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1/12现在完成时用法：动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别：强调过去—一般过去式强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。试比较Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）构成：肯定句：have/hasdone否定句：...have/hasnotdone一般疑问句：Have/Has...done....?Yes,...have/has.No,...have/hasnot.常用的时间状语有：already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处never“从不”中间处ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处just“刚刚”中间处yet“已经”、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.already和yet区别:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.already用在_______，位于_______。“已经”Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”B.for与since区别:for+时间段since+时间点IhavelivedinChangchun__________twoyears.Ihavebeenhere__________7o'clock.用since和for填空1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.______4hours8._______anhour9._______wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12,_______shewasveryyoung13._______shewasachild14,_____morethantwentyyearsHehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.注意：表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once;二次:twice,三次：threetimes…,ever,never等时间状语。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。2/12三.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法区别（一）.have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarmhavebeenhere(there)/abroad（二）.have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。（三）.have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David___________theparkjustnow.3)John__________Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_________have_________thisvillage?5)TheSmiths__________Beijingforyears.6)________youever_________America?--Yes,I_________theremanytimes.7)I_________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He________thefarm.9)When________he_________?He__________anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_________thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_______therebefore.11)Where_________you_________now?---I___________thezoo.12)Heoften_________swimming.13)__________you__________therelastyear?3/1214)__________theyoften__________skatinginwinter?注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,join→bein/beamemberof-，come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback,go/leave→beaway(from),marry→bemarried(to),【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.例如：borrow→___________,buy→_______________,begin/start→_____________,die→_______________,join→__________________，come/arrive→_____________come/getback→_____________,go/leave→_____________,marry→_______________,练习Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Hecamebacktwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.5）HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.4)Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.4/12I__________________ateacherfor__________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosed，open→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor____________________________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup，die→bedeadleavesw.→beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettosleep→bea