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1语法：现在完成时一.结构：have/has+过去分词句式构成举例含义肯定式have/has+过去分词Ihavehadlunch.我已吃过午饭了。(现在不饿了。)否定式have/has+not+过去分词Ihaven’thadlunch.我还没吃午饭。(现在是饿的)一般疑问式have/has提前Haveyouhadlunch?你吃过午饭了吗1、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew2.-----WhynotseethefilmHarryPotterwithme?-----I_______it.A.hasseenB.seeC.wasseeingD.saw3.I____myteachersincelastyear.Imisshimverymuch.A.didn’tB.sawC.haven’tseen二.用法：(1)表示结果:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,与just,already,yet,never,before等连用。Ihavealreadyspentallofmymoney.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasn’tcomebackyet.already常用在现在完成时的肯定句中。yet常用在现在完成时否定句和疑问句。(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.②since+过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)Ihavelivedheresince1998.③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)注：瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词(3)表示经历,经验:表示从过去到现在曾经经历过的事情,与never,ever,before,once,twice连用。eg:IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.(1)—Havetheymadeanykites_________?—Yes.Theyhave_________madesomekites.2A.yet;yetB.already;alreadyC.yet;alreadyD.already;yet(2)Oneofmyfriends_________alreadymovedtoLondon.A.doB.doesC.haveD.has(3)--Kitty,willyougotoseethefilm,ColdMountainthisevening?--No,Iwon’t.I_____italready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee(4).Hehasacomputerofhisown.He____ittwodaysagoA.boughtB.boughtC.boughtD.hasbought用since或for填空。1.Mymotherhasbeenwaitingforyou________threehours.2.Tomhasmadegreatprogress____________lastyear.3.I’vebeenstayinginShanghai__________twoyears.4.Jimhasbeenateacher____________hefinishedhiscollege.5.I’veknownher_______________fiveyears.6.I’vebeenreading____________6:30thismorning.7.It’stenyears__________wemeteachotherlasttime.8.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm______1990.9.－Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?－_________8yearsago.1.--HowlongcanI______thebook?--Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep2.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad3.I______theLeague(共青团)for5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin4.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened5.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover6.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became7.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned8.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad9.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom10.He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup三.have/hasbeento+地点去过某地3have/hasgoneto+地点去了某地have/hasbeenin+地点呆在某地(1)-Where’sJulia?-She____England.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeento(2)She______totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goesB.hasgoneC.wentD.hasbeen(3)-IsMr.Greenathome?-No,he_______Shanghai.(09黔东南州)A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.isgoingto(4)-WherearetheGreens,mayIask?-Well,they______toEngland.Theyhavebeentherefornearlyaweeknow.(09通化)A.havebeenB.aregoingtoC.havegoneD.willgo附：规则动词变为过去分词规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同，共有四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped