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SubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodsubjunctivemoodGrammar1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.(与现在事实相反）IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyavilla.（与现在事实相反）Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（与过去事实相反）如果他早起，他就不会上学迟到。Ifhe__________（drive)morecarefully,he_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.（与过去事实相反）haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.（与过去事实相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeen假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去现在将来一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight3、若将had，were，should提到句首，可将if省略，改用倒装语序•WereIabird,Iwouldflybyyourwindow.(=ifIwere…)•HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldnothavebelievedit.•Shouldhecomehere,wewoulddiscussthiswithhim.(=ifheshouldcomehere…)含蓄虚拟条件句•在含蓄条件从句中，假设部分可不用if引导的从句，而用介词短语或其他形式来表达。例如•Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded.（•Butforyourhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded（•Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.错综虚拟语气•在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫作错综时间虚拟语气。•Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.•如果他过去听从了医生的嘱咐，他现在就会痊愈了。（从句过去，主句现在）•Iftheyhadleftatnine,theywouldcertainlybehomebymidnight.•倘若他们（过去）是9点钟出发了，那么他们肯定（将）在半夜零点就能到家。•IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothetheaterthatevening.•如果我是你的话，那天晚上就去看戏去了。（从句是现在，主句是过去）•Ifmygrandfatherwerealivenow,hewouldbe100nextyear.（从句时现在，主句是将来）1.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe____metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三条建议：advise,suggest,propose四项要求：demand,require,request,ask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.WesuggestedthatTom2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.4.Theyrequestedthatwe3.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersshouldhavearest.(should)beShouldbekilledthenextday.shouldsendthemtoworkthere.2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire•It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.•Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.三、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.should•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)IwishI_____abird.wereIwisheveryday_____mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI____________(noteat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten2）wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryou________(pay)menow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryou_______(go)thereyesterday.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou_____(come)tomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时paidmehadgonecame3）asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Itseemsasifitwerespring.4).It’s（high/about）time+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyou.It’shightimethatyou.It’stimethatwe.It’stimethatwetobed.wentshouldgowenttobedshouldgo5）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!6）It’snecessary/strange/natural/importantapity+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.（7）、用于suppose，supposing，imagine等后面的宾语从句•在这个句型中，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示一种假设。例如：•Supposingtheearthwereflat,whatwouldhappentotheshipsailingroundtheearth?•Imagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.•Supposeyouhadonemillionpounds,whatwouldyouwanttodomost?•suppose，supposing，imagine等后面的宾语从句谓语动词也可以用陈述语气，表示一种真实的条件。例如：•supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?•Imagineyourparentscan’tcometomorrow,whatshallyoudo?（8）、动词intend,mean,want,hope等后面跟的虚拟语气•以上动词的过去完成式加动词不定式也可以表示过去想做而没有做的事：•Ihadintendedtoattendthemeeting,butIwasill.（•Shehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweek,butitrained.1.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israinedB精选习题2.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tgetB.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tgetD.weredriving…wouldn’tgetB3.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.IfBobhadwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfa