关系代词∕副词指代人∕物充当句子成分人主语∕宾语whom人whichthat人∕物定语when时间where状语原因状语who宾语,可以省略物主语∕宾语做语时可省略宾人∕物主语∕宾语做语时可省略宾whose状语地点why观察例句并找出先行词:⒈Thosewho/thattakephysicalexerciselivelonger.⒉Thegirlwho/whom/thatIsawisverylearned.⒊Thecarwhich/thathedriveswasboughtlastyear.⒋ThisisthelibrarywhereIusedtogo.GroupA:⒈Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,isleavingforJapanthedayaftertomorrow.⒉The8:30train,whichisusuallypunctual,waslatetoday.3.Thecollege,wherehehasstudiedforfouryears,isafamousone.⒋Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.GroupB:GroupB:TheNon-restrictiveAttributiveclauses(非限制性定语从句)GroupA:TherestrictiveAttributiveclauses(限制性定语从句)形式不同:限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.先行词不同:名词代词名词代词短语句子Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeangry.限制性定语从句:先行词只能是和。非限制性定语从句:先行词既可以是或。也可以是或。功能不同:不能去掉,如果去掉就会造成句意不完整或概念不清修饰限制具体明确补充说明能去掉,如果去掉,对句子意思没有影响,句意仍然清楚完整。限制性定语从句对先行词进行和。使先行词的意义更和更。非限制性定语从句对先行词进行。含义不同:Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.暗指姐姐不止一个暗指只有一个姐姐限制性定语从句具有,非限制性定语从句具有。唯一性涉他性Mymother,whois50years,liveswithmenow.Mymotherwhois50yearsliveswithmenow.关系词的使用情况不同:Hiswife,thatyoumetatmyhouse,isateacher.Hetoldmethereason,whyhewantedtodrophismath.和一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句。其他的关系词都可以。关系代词引导限制性定语从句做语是可以省略,但非限制性定语从句的所有关系词都省略whomforwhichthatwhy宾不可译法不同:Thefilmthatwesawyesterdaywasverymoved.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.我们昨天看的那场电影非常感人!北京是中国的首都,它是一座非常美丽的城市。一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而非限制性定语从句译成汉语时,一般译成一个单独的句子: