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92CIMSVol.9No.220032ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystemsFeb.2003:1006-5911(2003)02-0122-05,:2002-06-05;:2002-08-12:(70072020);863/CIMS(863-511-941-003):(1972-),,,,E-mail:hejingzz@citiz.net(,200093):,,,,,:;;:TP279.23:A0(TheoryofConstraints,TOC)EliyahuM.Goldratt1984(TheGoal),,(BottleneckAnalysis,BNA),,,(SupplyChain,SC),,,[1,2],,,SC,,,,,1SCSC,,,,,[3],SC(SupplyChainManagement,SCM)SC,[4]SCMSC,,SC,,,SC,,11:(1)对市场反应的迟滞性,,,[5],,,,(2)合作伙伴选择不当和资源配置不合理SC,,,,;SC,,(3)成员企业间组织目标相互冲突SC,,,,SC;,SC,[6,7](4)各环节之间信息不对称,SC,,,,,[8,9](5)难以预料的突发事件,SC(6)解决瓶颈的能力不足,,SC;SC,,,121aSC,SC,V1(Value1)1b,D,,,,,V2(Value2)1,,SC,SC2SCSC,,,,,SC:SDNSC,,SDNSC,,21,SC,,SC,,,,,,[10]2,SCABCmAmBmC(mA+mB+mC=1)Q,mAQ,mBQ,mCQ,QQ(QQ),,B2,B,ScdopScdij,1232:B=ScdijScdop,mBBQ,ACmAAQ,mCCQ,A=AB,C=CB(AC),SC:Sabgh+Sefkl=mAAQ+mCCQ=mAABQ+mCCBQ=(mAA+mCC)BQ(1),,:=(mAA+mCC)BQmBBQ==mAA+mCCmB(2)(2),,,,22SC,3BB,B,,SC,SC,,SC,,,,,:,23SC(SupplyandDemandNetworkwithmulti-functionalandopeningcharcteristicsforenterprise,SDN)SC,SDNSC,231多功能开放型企业供需网的概念SDN,,[11]SDN44,,,,SDN,,SC,124CIMS9,232SDN消减瓶颈的基本思路,SDNSC,,,,SDN(1)提高了适应市场变化的敏捷性SDN,,SC,,Internet/IntranetEDI,SDN,(2)减少了合作伙伴选择不当和资源配置失误造成的损失SDN,,,SDN,,,,[12](3)遏制机会主义倾向,促进成员企业之间的合作SDN,,,SC,SDN,,(),,[13](4)增强了抵御突发事件的能力,SDN,,,,,,SDN,,SDN,,(5)降低了信息不对称性,SDN,,,,(6)缓解了供需不足造成瓶颈的矛盾SDN,,,,SCSC,,,,SDNSC,,MicrosoftDellAppleSC,SDN,[14]3SC,SDN,SDN,1252:,SDNSC,SCSDN:[1]GOLDRATTEM,COXJ.Thegoal:aprocessofongoingimprovement[M].GreatBarrington,MA:TheNorthRiverPress,1992.[2]WANGXingyuan.Bottleneckanalysisofenterpriseanditsapplication[J\.IndustrialEngineeringandManagement,2000,5(5):41-45(inChinese).[.[J].,2000,5(5):41-45.][3]SIMCHI-LEVIDavid,KAMINSKYPhilip,SIMCHI-LEVIEdith.Designingandmanagementthesupplychain-concepts,strategiesandcasestudies[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiYuandongPress,2001(inChinese).[-,,-.-[M].:,2001.][4]FISHERML.Whatisthesupplychainforyourproduct?[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1997,75(2):105-106.[5]ANUPINDIR,AKELLAR.Diversificationundersupplyuncertainty[J].ManagementScience,1993,39(8):944-963.[6]EVANSGN,TOWILLDR,NAIMMM.Businessprocessre-engineeringthesupplychain[J].ProductionPlanning&Control,1995,6(3):227-237.[7]BODDYD,MACBETHD,WAGNERB.Implementingcollaborationbetweenorganizations:anempiricalstudyofsupplychainpartnering[J].JournalofManagementStudies,2000,37(7):1003-1017.[8]SENGEPeter.Thefifthdiscipline[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiSDXJointPublishingCompany,2001(inChinese).[.[M].:,2001.][9]LEEHau,etal.Informationdistortioninasupplychain:thebullwhipeffect[J].ManagementScience,1997,43(4):546-558.[10]RAOHuilin.Urbaneconomics[M].Dalian:DongbeiUniversityofFinance&EconomicsPress,1999(inChinese).[.[M].:,1999.][11]XUFuyuan,HEJing.Studyonenterprisemanagementpatternundertheenvironmentofglobalization[J].ScienceofScienceandManagementofS&T,2002(inChinese).[,.[J].,2002.][12]HANLu.Firststudyonsupplyanddemandnetworkwithmulti-functionalandopeningcharacteristicsforenterprise[D].Shanghai:Univ.ofShanghaiforSci.&Tech.,2002(inChinese).[.[D].:,2002.][13]ZHANGWeiying.Gametheoryandinformationeconomics[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiSDXJointPublishingCompany,2001(inChinese).[.[M].:,2001.][14]BOVETDavid.MARTHAJoseph,KRAMERRKirk.Valuenetwork-breakingthesupplychaintounlockhiddenprofits[M].Beijing:PeoplePostPress,2001(inChinese).[,,R.[M].:,2001.]AnalysisandSolutiononProblemofSupplyChainBottleneckHEJing,XUFu-yuan(SchoolofManagement,Univ.ofShanghaiforS&T,Shanghai200093,China)Received05Jun.2002;Revised12Aug.2002.Foundationitem:ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation,China(GrantNo.70072020);ProjectsupportedbytheNationalHigh-Tech.R&DProgram,China(GrantNo.863-511-941-003).Abstract:TheproblemofSupplyChain(SC)bottleneckbadlyinfluencesthewholevalueoftheSCsystem.BottleneckdilatationmethodanddypassmethodcanonlycontrolSCbottleneckwhenithascomeintobeing.Thereforethesetwomethodscannotsolvetheproblemradically.AsanidealmethodtransformedfromthetraditionalstructureofSC,SupplyandDemandNetworkwithmulti-functionalandopeningcharacteristicsforenterprise(SDN)isdiscussed,whichcanreducetherateofSCbottleneckquestionemergencefromitsorigin.Keywords:supplychain;bottleneck;supplyanddemandnetwork126CIMS9