高一英语Unit 1 grammar直接引语与间接引语-人教版[整理]

Unit1GrammarDirectSpeech&IndirectSpeechＩDefinition引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引语:直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“”标出)间接引语:用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)直接引语转换为间接引语时，…要有变化，如何变化呢?句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化(一)人称的转变Hesaidthathewasverysorry.Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。(二)时态的转换“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Conclusion直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态:一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化Now…thenToday…thatdayYesterday…thedaybeforelastweek(month)..theweek(month)beforeTomorrow…thenext(following)daynextyear…theyearlatertwodaysago…twodaysbeforeThis…thatThese…thoseHere…thereCome…goBring…take(四)从句时态无须改变的情况Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Conclusion1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候2.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候3.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时4.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时5.当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时6.当引语是谚语、格言时7.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化陈述句Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat一般疑问句Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序选择疑问句Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…直接引语改为间接引语专题练习1“I’mverygladtovisityourfactory,”saidthevisitor2ThewomantoldusthatshedidnotlikeAmericanmoviesverymuch.3“There’ssomethingwrongwiththefrontwheel,”saidUncleWang.4Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheyweregoingtohaveameetingatthreeo’clock.5“Whenshallwegooutingthisautumn?”thestudentsasked.直接引语改为间接引语专题答案11.Thevisitorsaidthathewasverygladtovisitourfactory.2.”Idon’tlikeAmericanmoviesverymuch,”thewomansaidto/toldus.3.UncleWangsaidthattherewassomethingwrongwiththefrontwheel.4.Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Wearegoingtohaveameetingatthreeo’clock”5.Thestudentsaskedwhentheyshouldgooutingthatautumn.直接引语改为间接引语专题练习6.Shesaidthatshewouldtrytofinishreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek.7.“Mumhasgonetothesupermarket,”thedaughtersaidtoherfather.8.Sarah’sfriendaskedherifshewasgoingtomailthegiftstoherparents.9.”Whywereyousoexcitedtoday?”TomaskedBob.10.Sandraaskedherfriendhowshecouldsolvetheproblem.直接引语改为间接引语专题答案26.”I’lltrytofinishreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek,”Shesaid.7.Thedaughtertoldherfatherthatmumhadgonetothesupermarket.8.”Areyougoingtomailthegiftstoyourparents?”Sara’sfriendaskedher.9.TomaskedBobwhyhehadbeensoexcitedthatday.10.”HowcanIsolvetheproblem?”Sandraaskedherfriend.