布兰查德宏观经济学 第四版 ppt 第02章

CHAPTER2CHAPTER2©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchardATouroftheBookPreparedby:FernandoQuijanoandYvonnQuijanoChapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard2of27AggregateOutputNationalincomeandproductaccountsareanaccountingsystemusedtomeasureofaggregateeconomicactivity.Themeasureofaggregateoutputinthenationalincomeaccountsisgrossdomesticproduct,orGDP,whichcanbemeasuredorthoughtfromtheproductionside(aggregateproduction),ortheincomeside(aggregateincome),andtheresultsofbothwaysarealwaysequalintheory.2-1Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard3of27SNA(SystemofNationalAccount)统计诸表物流量存量最终使用中间使用资金国内国外投入产出表国民收入统计资金循环表金融交易表资产负债表国民借贷表国际收支平衡表○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○联合国SNA体系的五大统计表。Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard4of27GDP:ProductionandIncomeTherearethreewaysofdefiningGDP:1.GDPisthevalueofthefinalgoodsandservicesproducedintheeconomyduringagivenperiod.Afinalgoodisagoodthatisdestinedforfinalconsumption.Anintermediategoodisagoodusedintheproductionofanothergood.Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard5of27GDP:ProductionandIncomeTherearethreewaysofdefiningGDP:2.GDPisthesumofvalueaddedintheeconomyduringagivenperiod.Valueaddedequalsthevalueofafirm’sproductionminusthevalueoftheintermediategoodsitusesinproduction.Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard6of27GDP:ProductionandIncomeTherearethreewaysofdefiningGDP:3.GDPisthesumoftheincomesintheeconomyduringagivenperiod.Table2-1TheCompositionofGDPbyTypeofIncome,1960and200319602003Laborincome66%64%Capitalincome26%28%Indirecttaxes8%8%Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard7of27Steelcompany(firm1)carcompany(firm2)Revenuesfromsales$100Revenuesfromsales$210Expenses$80Expenses$170wages$80wages$70Steelpurchases$100profit$20profit$40Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard8of27TableA1-1U.SGDP:Theincomeside,2001(billionsofdollars)FromgrossdomesticproducttoPersonaldisposableincome:1.Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)102082.Plus:receiptoffactorincomefromtherestoftheworld3353.Minus:paymentsoffactorincometotherestoftheworld–3414.Equals:grossnationalproduct(GNP)102025.minus:consumptionoffixedcapital--13516.Equals:Netnationalproduct(NNP)88517.Minus:indirecttaxes---7948.Minus:others,includingstasticaldiscrepancy1609.EqualS:Nationalincome(NI)821710.Minus:corporateprofits-76711.plus:personaldividendincome41612.Minus:netinterst-55413.Plus:personalinterestincome99314.plus:governmentandbusinesstransfers114915.Minus:contributionsforsocialinsurance-73116.Equals:personalincome872317.Minus:personaltaxandnontaxpayment-130618.Equals:Personaldisposableincome7417Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard9of27TableA1-3U.SGDP:Theproductside,2001(billionsofdollars)1.Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)102082.Personalconsumptionexpenditures70643.Durablegoods8584.Nondurablegoods20555.Services41516.Grossprivatedomesticfixedinvestment16927.Nonresidential12468.Structures3309.Equipmentandsoftware91610.Residential44611.Governmentpurchases183912.Federal61613.Nationaldefense39914.Nondefense21715.Stateandlocal122316.Netexports-33017.Export105018.Imports---138019.Changesinbusinessinventories-58Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard10of27NominalandRealGDPNominalGDPisthesumofthequantitiesoffinalgoodsproducedtimestheircurrentprice.NominalGDPincreasesovertimebecause:Theproductionofmostgoodsincreasesovertime.Thepricesofmostgoodsalsoincreaseovertime.RealGDPisconstructedasthesumofthequantitiesoffinalgoodstimesconstant(ratherthancurrent)prices.Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard11of27NominalandRealGDPToconstructrealGDP,multiplythenumberofcarsineachyearbyacommonprice.Supposeweusethepriceofthecarin2000asthecommonprice.Thisapproachgivesus,ineffect,realGDPin2000dollars.YearQuantityofCarsPriceofcarsNominalGDPRealGDP(in2000dollars)199910$20,000$200,000$240,000200012$24,000$288,000$288,000200113$26,000$338,000$312,000Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard12of27NominalandRealGDPNominalGDPisalsocalleddollarGDPorGDPincurrentdollars.RealGDPisalsocalledGDPintermsofgoods,GDPinconstantdollars,GDPadjustedforinflation,orGDPin2000dollars.GDPwillrefertorealGDP,andYtwilldenoterealGDPinyeart.NominalGDPwillbedenotedbyadollarsigninfrontofit:$Yt.RealGDP,TechnologicalProgress,andthePriceofComputersHedonicpricingputsanimplicitpriceoneachofagood’scharacteristics.Chapter2:ATouroftheBook©2006PrenticeHallBusinessPublishingMacroeconomics,4/eOlivierBlanchard13of27NominalandRealGDPFrom1960to2003,nominalGDPincreasedbyafactorof21.RealGDPincreasedbyafactorof4.NominalandRealGDPU.S.GD