城镇体系规划的理论与方法初探

432l886ACTAGEOGRAPHICASINICAVol.43,No.2June,1988();;,,,,,;,,,,,,,.,1],,(system),,,,,,,,,()(),l)systema2),(Webster5ThirdNewInternationalDietionary)(system)9843,,,,,;,,,(),,(l),-l:Fig.1Themeehanismofurbansystemdevelopment:aggregate.ffectanddiffuseeffet,,,,,,;,,();,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,2:,,,,,,:(),1950(Franeoisperroux)Ied(Growthpole),,,,,,,(Growtharea)(Growthaxis),:(l),,,,,,;(2),,,,,.,,,,;,,,(),;,,,,,(),,,,,,;:,;,:()43,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,;(),,,,,,:(l);(2),():,,,,;,,,,,,():,,,,()2:1011!()()!()()()Fig.2ThehierarehyofurbansysteminChina3Fig.3Theurbanranksizestruetureofurbansystem23o,,,(l)Tab.lTheurbanranksizehierarchyofurbansystemPlanninginChinaIIIII100IIIIII5010011111112050IIIVVV102010VVVVV510,571111111110VVVlll5VVV1111l43,,,(Augustlosch)[5],G.K.(zipf,G.K.)6],(B.J.L.Berry)(w.Chrislaller),,,(EntropyMaximizationmodel)9,,(thesealetransportcostsmodel),(MarkovehainModel),,,,,,,,(Synerge-stics)[10J,,,,,(Informationbottleneek),,,():,;,,,;,,,:(l),,:;(2),,;(3)(),,;(4),,,,,,,,(),,(4),,2:103000OOO,,OOO,,OCCCCCOOOOOOOOOO4Fig.4Theurbanfunetioncombinationstruetureofurbansystem()::,,,;,2Tab.2Theurbanlinkagesinaurbansystem,,()(),(),,,,,,,,,,43,(2),,,,,,,,,,,:(),,:(l);(2);(3);(4)():(l);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6)():(l);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6);(7);(8);(9),,(),,,:(l);(2);(3);(4)(),;,,,2:105(),,:({}.{}}1l-!!}~}}i}}}}}}}}!!}}!}-}}}){!{55TheflowFigehartofurbansystemPlanningDunean,O.D,W.R.Seort,5.Lieberson,B.DuneanBaltimore:JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,1960.Berry,B.J.L,CitiesasSystemswithinSystemsofCitiesAssoeiation,vol.13,pp.147264.ndH.H.Winsborough,MetroPolisandRegions,paperandproeeedingoftheRegionalSeienee,!Žl..1r.Lrl10643,J1.J,J,jdr..Lr.JrLf6][7]19499,PPEngle-Geogr.,11..ƒHOr..r.[10]J.,,,19833,,,19872A.,,,1954zipf,G.K.,HumanBehaviorandtheprineipleofLeastEffort,NewYork,AddisonweleyPress,Berry,B.J.L.,CitySizeDistributionsandEeonomieDeveloPment,Eeon.Dev.Cult.Change,Vol.573587.Christaller,W,(translatedbyBaskin,C.W),ntralPlaeesinSouthernGermany,PrentieeHall,woodCliffs,NewJersey,1960.Curry,L,TheRandomSPatialEeonomy:AnExplorationinSettlementTheory,Ann.Assoe.Am.VOI.54,PP.138146H.,,,1984THEORYANDMETHODOLOGYOFURBANSYSTEMPLANNINGSongJiataiGu(DePar,e,ofGeoocea,Scic,ChaolinNa,iUoi,r,iry)KeywordsUrbansystem;UrbansystenlPlanning;Urbanplanning;Rionalplanning;UrbangoograPhy.Abstr8CtInreviewingthetheoryandmethodologyofurbansystemPlanning(USP),theauthorsregardthemodernsystemtheory(ineludingsystematology,inforrnationtheory,eyberneties,dissiPativestrueturetheory,synergetiesandeatastroPhetheory)andtheurbanregiontheoryasthefundamentaltheoriesofUSP,anewbranehofthePlanningseience.Thepaperdiseussedmainlythefollingpro:1.BasieeoneePtandgoalsoftheUSP.Urbansystemstudy15oneofmaineontentsinurbangeograPhyandurbanv]anning.USPdea5withthesocioeeononlicinterrelationsbetweentownandtown,townandthesystem,thesystemanditsouterenvironment,whiehwillbeor-ganizedreasonablyinaregiolThewholeeffieieneyoftheurbansystemandthegeneralgoaloftheregionalsocioeonomiedeveloPmentwithoPtimalsocial,eeononlie,environmentaleffi-eieneyeouldbeobtainedbyIneansofPrineiPlesofthegeneralsystemtheoryandtheurban-regiontheory.2.ThemeehanismoftheurbansystemdeveloPment.Thenaturaleharaeteristiesofin-terrelationbetweencityandregionareaggrateeffeetanddiffuseeffeet.Theseeffeetsrunthroughthewholeproeessofforminganddevelopmentofurbansystem.It15iusttheme-ehanismwithwhiehurbansystem15develoPedandPerfeeted.3.BasiestandPointsoftheUSP.ThefinalgoalofUSP15oPtimaleeonomie,soeial,andenvironmentaleffieieneyinregionaldeveloPment.Thus,basiestandPointsofUSParetheunityofeeonomieviewandenvironmentalview.BytheeeonomieviewwemeanPlanningurhansystembymeansofregionaleeonomiedeveloPment.BytheenvironmentalviewwemeanPlanningurbansystelnbymeansofresidentialenvironment.2:1074BasieeontentsoftheUSpTheyinelude:(l)studyofeityesandtownsasnodesofanurhansystem,and(2)studyofrelationamongnedesinthestem.Speeifieally,theyare:(l)theterritorialsPtialstruetureoneentrationanddeeentralization;(2)urbanranksizestruetururbanhierarehyandurbanrankizedistribution;(3)urbanfunetioneombinationstrueture----urbanpatternorganizationandurbanfunetioneoordination;and(4)urbannetworksstruetureee-urbanlinkagesandnetworksPlanning5.TheprogrammeandflowchartoftheUSP.USP15amaincontentinterritorialrenovationandrionalplanning,buttheprogrammeofUSp15differentfromthatofurbanPlanningorregionPlanning.GenerallysPeaking,theseProgrammeare:(l)historiealanalysisofurbansystemforming;(2)studyofpresenteonditionofurbansvstem:(3)analysisofregionaldevelopmenteonditionandrestrietivefactors;(4)urbansystemplanning;(5)di-visionofurbaneconieregionsandtheirdee1OPment;(6)sPecifiepolieiesandmeasuretoPuturbansystemPlanningintoPractice.