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Module4U3P3GrammarRevision-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法Translation1.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.2.Smokingmaycausecancer.3.Yourcoatneedsbrushing.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。吸烟会致癌。你的大衣需要刷一下。一、-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。可表达三种含义：a)表示“供…之用”，相当于usedfordoing.buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台b)表“正在…的”。如：thosesinginggirls（=thosegirlswhoaresinging）那些正在唱歌的女孩子们举例：thelaughingaudience/therisingsunaflamingargument/ahowlingstormthedancinggirl/aflyingkitec)表示性质特征，多含主动意味。如：anexcitingstory（=astorythatexcitespeople）举例：aninterestingcrosstalkanamusingstory/anexcitingeveninganinterestingstory2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。二、-ing形式作宾语补足语1.1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.我发现地板上放着一个包。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.这个结果很令人满意。Wemustn’tkeepthemwaiting.=Theymustn’tbekeptwaiting.千万不能让他们等。2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.三、-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的业余爱好是画画。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismosttouching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。四.ing分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。1.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.原因伴随3.Heatingwater，wecanchangeitintovapor．条件4.Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴随5.Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.时间6.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果AttentionPlease1.-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的；2.现在分词完成式havingdone表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成；3.ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,if等连词Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(北京2004)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited注：应用现在分词作宾语补足语，要掌握好三个“区别”1现在分词主动式作宾补和不定式主动式作宾补现在分词主动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的主动动作，不定式主动式作宾补表示动作的全过程或即将发生的动作。试比较：1）Iheardhimplayingthepianointhenextroom.2）Nowletmehearyouplaythepianoasecondtime.2现在分词被动式作宾补和不定式被动式作宾补的用法现在分词被动式作宾补表示正在进行的被动动作，不定式作宾补表示将来的被动动作。1）Wefoundtheguestsbeingservedinthehall.2）Theywantedustobeservedlikeforeigners.3现在分词被动式作宾补和过去分词做宾补的用法。两者所表示的时间有区别。过去分词作宾补表示已经完成了的被动动作，而现在分词被动式作宾补只表示正在进行着的被动动作。1）Theyheardtheirshopwindowsbeingpainedbytwoworkers.2）Theyheardtheirshopwindowspainedthreedaysbefore.1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising4._____thelastbusmeanswalkinghome.A.MissB.missedC.MissingD.IfmissingADCCA5.Theyknewherwell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow6.Wewillmakeit___toall___sheisanewteacher.A.knowing,thatB.known,thatC.known,whoD.knowing,7.Thebuilding___willbealibrary.A.buildingB.havingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobuildBC8.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth___forhimwithoutdelay.A.toweaveB.tobeweavingC.tobewovenD.tohavewovenC9.There’re5pairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochoseD.chosenB10.Heisamanhard___with.A.dealB.tobedealtC.todealD.dealingCConclusionThe–ingformcanbeusedas:•Attribute(定语)•Objectcomplement(宾补)•Subject(主语)•Object(宾语)•Predicative(表语)请你判断下列-ing形式在句中所充当的成分•1.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”whilenoddingmeans“yes”.•2.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.•3.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”isrubbingthestomachafterameal.•4.Anoldmanwalkedintothewaitingroomwithawalkingstickinhishand.主语介宾表语定语•5.Lookingdirectlyintosomeone’seyesisinsomecountriesawaytoshowinterest.•6.ThegestureforOK,makingacirclewithone’sthumbandindexfinger,hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.•7.InFrance,apersonseeingthesamegesturewillthinkitmeanszero.•8.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.•9.Thethumbs-upgesture,meaning“great”or“goodjob”intheUS,isrudeinNigeria.主语同位语定语宾补定语10.The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.11.Insomecountries,avisitingfriendisgreetedwithakissonthecheek;…alovinghug,aboworsimplyanodofthehead.12.Pressingone’spalmstogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleepingmeans“Iamtired.”13.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestoma