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常用生态学词汇－英汉对照absolutereproductivevalue绝对生殖值abundance多度abyssalzone深海带acclimation驯化absolutereproductivevalue绝对生殖值abundance多度abyssalzone深海带acclimation驯化accumulationhorizon淀积层aestivation夏眠agestructure年龄结构age-specificlifetable特定年龄生命表agroecosystem农业生态系统alleles等位基因allelochemic异种信息素/种间外激素Allen'srule阿伦法则allogenicsuccession异发演替allopatricspeciation异域性物种altruism利他行为asexualreproduction无性生殖associationgroup群丛组associationtable群丛表associationunittheory群丛单位理论association群丛associations群丛Autecology个体生态学autogenicsuccession自发演替autotrophs自养生物balancingselectionhypothesize平衡说basalarea底面积Bergman'srule贝格曼规律bethalzone半深海带biocoenosis生物群落bioconcentration生物浓缩biologicalenrichment生物富集biomagnification生物放大biomass生物量biome生物带bionomicstrategy生态对策biosphere生物圈bottleneck瓶颈cannibalism同种相食carnivores食肉动物carringcapacity负荷量catastrophic灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch)地上芽植物characterdisplacement特征替代cheliophytes阴性植物climateclimax气候顶级climateschool气候学派climaxcommunity顶级群落climax顶级群落cline渐变群closedcommunity封闭群落clumped集群分布coadaptedsystem协同适应系统coarsegrained粗粒性分布co-dynamics相互动态co-evolution协同进化cohort同生群colddesert冷荒漠colonization定居,建群coloration色泽communitiesinlittoralzone沿岸生物群落communitiesinthelimneticzone湖沼带生物群落communitiesintheprofundalzone深水带生物群落Communityecology群落生态学communitymatrix群落矩阵communityorganization群落组织community群落companionspecies伴生种compen-satorypredation补偿性捕食competitioncoefficient竞争系数competitionhypothesis竞争假说competitiveexclusion竞争排除competivelottery抽彩式竞争conservation保守主义者conspicuousness显著度constancy恒有度contestcompetition干扰竞争contesttypeofcompetition争夺型竞争continentalrise大陆隆continentalshelf大陆架continentalslope大陆坡convergentadaptation趋同适应convergentoscillation趋同波动costofgenerecombination基因重组价costofmating交配价costofmeiosis减数分裂价courtshipbehavior求偶行为coverage盖度crudedensity原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隐芽植物decomposition分解作用delayeddensitydependence延后密度制约densityeffect密度效应densityratio密度比density-dependent密度制约density-independent非密度制约deterministicmodel决定模型detrialfoodchain碎食物链detritusfeeder食碎生物development发育diagrammaticlifetable图解式生命表diapause滞育differentialspecies区别种diffusecompetition分散竞争diominant-submissive支配—从属directionalselection定向选择discretegeneration离散世代disruptiveselection分裂选择disturbanceclimax/disclimax偏途顶级divergentoscillation趋异波动dominance优势度dominantspecies建群种dominantspecies优势种dominant-submissive支配—从属关系drydesert干荒漠dynamicclassification动态分类系统dynamiclifetable动态生命表dynamic-compositelifetable动态混合生命表earthnucleus地幔earth'scrust地核Ecologicalamplitude生态幅ecologicaldensity生态密度ecologicaldominance生态优势ecologicalenvironment生态环境ecologicalequivalent生态等值种ecologicalfactor生态因子ecologicalforce生态力ecologicalinvasion生态入侵ecologicalnatality生态出生率ecologicalrelease生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystemdevelopment生态系统的发育Ecosystemecology生态系统生态学ecosystem生态系统ecotonehypothesis生态交错带假说ecotype生态型ectotherm外温动物edgeeffect边缘效应eitolationphenomenon黄化现象emergy能值emigration迁出endogenousmigration内因性迁移endotherm内温动物environmenthormone环境激素environment环境equilibriumtheory平衡理论euphoticzone透光带euryecious广栖的euryhaline广盐性的euryhydric广水性的euryphagic广食性的eurythermal广温性的eurytopicspecies广适种eutrophication富营养化evergreenhardwoodforest常绿硬材林Evolutionecology进化生态学evolutionforce进化力exogenousmigration外因性迁移exploitivecompetition利用竞争exponetialgrowth指数增长facultativeparthenogenesis孤雌生殖facultativeparthenogenesis兼性孤雌生殖facultative兼性因素familyselection家庭选择farmlandecosystem农田生态系统fecundityschedule生育力表fecundity生育力feedback反馈feedingniches取食生态位filterfood滤食性生物finegrained细粒性分布finiterateofincrease周限增长率fitness合适度floristic-structuralclassification植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation波动foodchain食物链formationgroup群系组formation群系formation植物群系foundationalniche基础生态龛freshwaterecology淡水生态学freshwaterecosystem淡水生态系统functionresponse功能反应gameteselection配子选择gaps缺口gaseouscycle气体循环gengpool基因库geographicvariation地理变异geographicaltheoryofspeciation物种形成geometricgrowth几何级数增长geophytes(G)地下芽植物globalecology全球生态gradienthypothesis梯度假说grain粒性grazer牧食生物grazingfoodchain捕食食物链greenhouseeffect温室效应gregarizationpheromone聚集信息素grossprimaryproduction总初级生产力groupselection群体选择groupselection群体选择groupselection群选择growthform生长型guild同资源团habalzone深渊带habitat生境heath石楠群丛height高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore植食herbivores植食动物heterotrophicsuccession异养演替heterotrophs异养生物hibernation冬眠homeostasis内稳态homeostasis自调节稳态homeostaticorganism内稳态生物homeostaticprocess内稳定过程humandemography人口统计学Humanecology人类生态学humus腐殖质hydrarchsuccession水生演替hydrosere水生演替系列immigration迁入importancevalue重要值individualconverserate个体转化率industrialmelanism工业黑化现象innercapacityincrease内禀增长力inner-environment内环境instantaneousrateofincrease瞬间增长率intensity强度interferencecompetition干扰竞争interferencecompetition干扰竞争intermediatedisturbancehypothesis中度干扰假说internaldistributionpattern内分布型interspecficrelationship种间关系intertidalzone潮间带intraspecificrelationship种内关系inverselydensitydependent反密度制约Islandecology岛屿生态学iteroparity多次繁殖生物iteroparous多次生殖Jordan'srule约丹定律Kkeystonespecies关键种kinselection亲属选择kinselection亲属选择k-strategistsk-策略者Llandcover土地覆盖landuse土地利用Landscapeecology景观生态学lawofconstantfinalyield最后产量衡值法则lawoftheminimum最小因子法则lawoftolerance耐受性法则layer层leachedlayer淋溶层leafareaindex叶面积指数leafareaindex（LAS）叶面积指数lenticecosystem静水生态系统lifecycle生活周期lifeexpectancy生命期望lifef