英国文学期末考试精心整理

2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印英国文学复习纲要Part1THEROMANTICPERIOD(1798-1832)Romanticism(theAgeofWordsworth)1)Time:BeginningwiththepublicationofWordsworth’sLyricalBallads(1798),endingwithWalterScott’sdeathorpassageofReformBill(1832).2)HistoricalBackground:①FrenchRevolution(1789-1794)②IndustrialRevolution(1760-1840)a.Britainbecamethe“workshopoftheworld”b.Threeclasses:thebourgeoisie,thearistocratic,theproletariat3)Definition:Romanticismisatermappliedtoliteraryandartisticmovementsofthelate18thand19thcentury,Beginningasarevoltagainstclassicism.TherehavebeenmanyvarietiesofRomanticisminmanydifferenttimesandplaces.ManyoftheideasofEnglishRomanticismwerefirstexpressedbythepoetsWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge.4)Representativewriters:①ThefirstgenerationofRomanticpoets(LakePoets)a.WilliamWordsworthb.SamuelTaylorColeridgec.RobertSouthey②ThesecondgenerationofRomanticpoets:a.GeorgeGordonByronb.PercyByssheShelleyc.JohnKeats③TheRomanticnovelists:a.WalterScott(historicalnovelist)b.JaneAusten④TheRomanticEssayist:CharlesLamb2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印5)WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)①MajorWorks:a.LyricalBallads(ajointworkofWordsworthandColeridgein1798)Coleridge’smasterpieceTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerisincludedb.Longpoem:Prelude(1805-1806)orGrowthofaPoet’sMind１.Itisalongandautobiographicalpoemconsideredhismasterpiece.２.Ithas13books,analyzingthegrowthofhispoeticgeniusduringhischildhoodandyouth,andrecallsthelessonsheowestonature.c.LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbeyd.LucyPoems:ShedweltAmongtheUntroddenWaysItravelledAmongUnknownMene.IWanderedLonelyasaCloud(iambicpentermeter)Whatisthepoemabout?Thepoemisaboutbeautyofnature;Thereisvividpictureofthedaffodilshere,mixedwithpoet’sphilosophicalandmysticalthoughts.f.Sonnets:ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802;London,1802.g.ThesolitaryReaper(iambictetrameter)②Theprinciplesofpoetry:“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility.”6)GeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824)①Representativeworks:a.Twolongpoems:“ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage”“DonJuan”(hissatiricmasterpiece)b.Twopoeticaldrama:“Manfred”“Cain”2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印c.OrientalTales:“Giaour”(1813)“TheCorsair”(1814)“Lara”(1814)“TheBrideofAbydos”(1813)“Parisina”“ThesiegeofCorinth”(1816)d.ShortLyrics(nature,love,andpoliticalaspiration)“SheWalksinBeauty”“WhenWeTwoParted”“HebrewMelodies”“SonnetonChillon”②ByronicHero(characterisics)a.Beingarebelb.Havingadistanceforsocialinstitutionsc.Beinganexiled.Expressingalackofrespectforrankandprivilegee.Havinggreattalentf.Hidinganunsavory(令人生厌的)pastg.Beinghighlypassionateh.Ultimately,beingself-destructivePS:Mysterious,Gloomy,Passionate,Arrogant.③ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage:a.Alongpoemwith4cantos:“ThefirstcantoofthepoemisdevotedtoPortugalandSpain;”“ThesecondcantodealwithAlbaniaandGreece;”“Thethirdcantobeginsandendswiththetouchingaddressofthe2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印Authortohisdaughter,Ada.”“ThefourthcantosingsthebeautyofItaly.”b.Philosophicalandpoliticalviewsc.TheconceptofByronicherod.AutobiographicalbaseduponByron’stravelse.SpenserianStanzas(9-linestanza,rhymed“ababbcbcc”)④TheIslesofGreece:a.AGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee;b.Byron’smosteffectivepoeticalutterancesonnationalfreedomc.Contrast:strugglefortheirnationalfreedomandliberationd.ThefreedomenjoyedbytheGreekancientpeoplee.Theenslavementoftheearly19thcenturyGreeks.7)PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)①LiteraryWorks:a.Twolongpoems:“QueenMab”(ChartistBible)“TherevoltofIslam”(SpenserianStanzas)b.Twolyricaldramas:“PrometheusUnbound”(OriginatesfromtheGreektragedianAeschylus’splayPROMETHEUSBOUND)“TheCenci”c.ThreeOdes:OdetotheWestWindTotheSkylarkTheCloudd.TheMasqueofAnarchye.ADefenseofPoetryf.Ozymandias(OctaveandSestet)2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印g.ASong:MenofEngland(献给英格兰人民之歌)→Theme:ItisnotonlyacrycallinguponallworkingpeopleofEnglandtoriseupagainsttheirpoliticaloppressors,butalsoanaddresstopointouttothemtheintolerableinjusticeofeconomicexploitation.→RhetoricalDevices:a.Contrastbetweenhostileclasses:bourgeoisieandproletariatb.Rhetoricquestionc.Metonymyd.Metaphore.Parallelism②OdetotheWestWind(ImportantPoint)a.Rhyme(格律):thispoem’sstanzaconsistsofasetoffourtercets(三行体),closedbyacoupletrhymingwiththemiddlelineoftheprecedingtercet:ababcbcdcdedee.b.Contents(page54-58)c.Threeaspectsdescribedinthepoem:“Deadleaf,swiftcloud,wave”d.Tellthethemeofthe“OdetotheWestWind”?(1)ItexpressesShelley’soptimismbeliefthattheoldworldmustgo,anewworldmustcomewiththespring,fadenwithfreshsweetpromisesforsufferinghumanity.Itanticipatesthepoliticaltriumph.(2)Thepoetasksthewindtoworkinhim,restoringhimtospiritualhealthandcreativevigor.e.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningof“thewestwind”?(1)Regenerationwhichfollowsthedestructionanddeathofwinter.(2)Thewindofspiritandinspiration(3)Thedestructiveandrevolutionaryenergiesthathadbeenseenin2012年期末考试资料整理未经本人同意！英国文学期末考试请勿随意转载复印Europe(4)Anabstractexpressionormanifestationofthespiritwithinnature.f.Ode:isa“single,complex”andoftenlengthylyricpoem,oftenintheformo