非开挖技术的介绍

INTRODUCTIONTOTRENCHLESSTECHNOLOGY非开挖技术的介绍BySamuelT.Ariaratnam,Ph.D.,P.E.ArizonaStateUniversity,USATraditionalMethods传统的方法•Firstsuitedfor“greenfield”适用于未发展区域•Lowtech–littlechangeoverpast50yrs.技术含量低，近50年没有多大改进•Levelofplanning&implementationbasic对计划与实施手段的要求低•“Non-greenfield”–surfacedisruptions,undergroundutilities在市区施工，对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁TrenchlessTechnologies无开挖技术•ThrustBoring&PipeJacking(pre-1900’s)顶管法•AugerBoring(1940)螺旋钻进法•ImpactMoling(1962)冲击矛法•DirectionalDrilling(1971)水平定向钻进法•ImpactRamming(1980)夯管法•PipeBursting(1980’s)爆(裂)管法DefinitionofTrenchlessTechnologies无开挖技术的定义“Afamilyofmethods,materials,andequipmentcapableofbeingusedfortheinstallationofneworreplacementorrehabilitationofexistingundergroundinfrastructurewithminimaldisruptiontosurfacetraffic,business,andotheractivities.”无开挖技术就是采用各种方法，材料，设备来铺设，更换或修复地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民碍市-NorthAmericanSocietyforTrenchlessTechnology北美无开挖技术协会WhyTrenchless?为什么要无开挖？•Minimaldisruptionoftraffic最小的交通干扰•Yearroundconstruction全年可以施工•Improvedsafety安全性改善•Reducedlandscapedamage减少对周围物景的损坏•Minimaldisturbancetolocalbusiness对周围的商业环境影响少•Improvedconstructionproductivity改善施工的效率•Canaccessotherwiseinaccessibleareas在难以进入的区域也可施工CostsofOpenCutPipeReplacement开沟更换管道的成本Pavementsaw-cutting开凿路面Excavation挖沟Truckingspoilanddumpfees运土费和倒土费用Backfillandtransport回填和运输费用Compaction压实Concreteorasphalt重铺水泥和沥青Trafficcontrol交通管制NewConstructionTechniques新技术PipeBursting爆(裂)管法Microtunneling微型隧道法AugerBoring螺旋钻进法PipeJacking顶管法H.D.D.水平定向钻进法HorizontalDirectionalDrilling水平定向钻进法•Lengthsof15-1800m施工长度：15－1800米•Diametersof25-1200mm管径25－1200毫米•Applications:应用–utilityconduits市政工程–Pipelines管道设施–gravitysewers下水管道–forcemains压力管道–horizontalremediationwells治理污染的水平管群–geotechnicalinvestigations地质调查HDDProcess水平定向钻进过程HDDProcess水平钻进定进过程PipeBursting爆(裂)管法•Lengthsof100-900m施工长度：100－900米•Diametersof75-1060mm管道直径：70－1060毫米•Applications:应用–replacementofforcemains压力管的更换–replacementofgravitysewers下水道的更换StaticHead固定式裂管头PneumaticHead气动式裂管头HydraulicHead液压式裂管头PipeBurstingProcess(Static)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)PipeBurstingProcess(StaticCont.)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)续PipeBurstingProcess(Pneumatic)爆管法的过程（气动工法)Microtunneling微型隧道法•Lengthsof25-225m施工长度：25－225米•Diametersof250-3050mm管径：250－3050毫米•Applications:应用•gravitysewerinstallations下水管道的安装MicrotunnelingProcess微型隧道法施工过程PipeJacking顶管法•Lengthsofupto490mhavebeenachieved施工长度可达490米•Diametersof1060-3050mm管径介于1060－3050毫米•Applications:应用–largediametergravitysewersandforcemains大型下水管道和压力管道PipeJackingProcess顶管法施工过程AugerBoring螺旋横钻孔机•Lengthsof12-150m施工长度：12－150米•Diametersof200-1500mm管径：200－1500毫米•Applications:应用•relativelyshortcrossingsofpipesandconduits短距离的管道施工RehabilitationTechniques管道修复技术RoboticSpotRepair机器人现场修复PipeScanning&Eval.管道扫描和评估LiningofPipe内衬法LiningofPipe内衬法•Lengthsofupto1000m施工长度可达1000米•Diametersof100-1500mm管径介于100－1500毫米•Costvariesbymethod成本因方法而异•Applications:应用•reliningofwater,sewer,andnaturalgaslines供水管，下水管和天然气管道的内衬LiningofPipe内衬法Cured-In-Place软衬法FoldandForm折叠内衬法SegmentalSliplining分段插管法CIPPLiningofPipe软衬法RoboticSpotRepair机器人现场修复(Internal/ExternalGrouting)内部/外部注浆Applications:应用-Repairofsewer/water/productlineswhere“localized”structuralenhancementisrequired修复位于地层局部结构复杂的下水管，供水管和其它管道PipeScanning&Evaluation管道扫描和评估•Methodsinclude:方法有：–Closed-circuittelevision(CCTV)闭路电视–Radar雷达–Sonar声纳–Eddycurrents涡流•Applications:应用–inspectionofinfrastructuresystemstogaina“snap-shot”ofpipecondition检查基础管道设施的状况SewerScanning&EvaluationTechnology(SSET)下水管道扫描和评估技术TWOCASEHISTORIES两个例子PipeBursting爆管法HorizontalDirectionalDrilling水平定向钻进法PipeBurstingoftheMillstoneSanitaryTrunkSewer爆管法的里程碑Alternatives方案比较•Paralleltheexistinggravitytrunksewerwithanewgravitytrunksewer将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放•Constructaseriesof5newpumpingstationsandpumptoadjacentseweragearea需要设置5个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统ParallelTrunkSewer平行管道方案•Advantages优点–Maintainsgravityflow维持重力流动•Disadvantages缺点–Constructioninsiltysandtoclayeymaterial3to6metresdeepwithhighgroundwaterincloseproximitytoMillstoneRiver,ahighlysensitiveCohosalmonhabitatstream.在3-6米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态–Additionalright-of-waywouldberequired需要额外的管位•CostEstimatedat$5.1million成本估算约5.1百万美元PumpedOption泵站方案•Advantages优点–Minimizesenvironmentalimpactsaspumpstationsandforcemainsforthemostpartwouldbeconstructedinexistingright-of-ways.对环境扰动小•Disadvantages缺点–AddedundesirablelongtermoperationalcoststotheCityofNanaimo给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本•CostEstimatedat$5.2million成本估算约5.2百万美元PipeBurstingResearchedasaPossibleAlternative爆管法作为可能的另一选择•Advantages优点–Lessenvironmentalimpactasexcavationisminimized由于极少动土，对环境影响小–Gravityflowmaintained保持重力流动–Noadditionalright-of-waysrequired无需额外的管位–Nolongtermoperationalandmaintenancecostsassociatedwithpumpstations无需象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本–Morecosteffectivethanalternatives最经济的工法Disadvantages缺点•UpsizerequiredattheupperlimitofPBtechnologyinNorthAmerica;however,therehadbeenlimitedsuccess扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例•Lengths100mto175m长度为100米至175米•LimitedavailabilityofcontractorsinNorthAmericawithcapabilitytoperformupsizeofthisnature能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限ProjectApproach项目过程•Pre-qualificationofcontractorsthroughoutNorthAmerica对北美的工程商进行资格审