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1历年英语阅读真题杨忙忙11986年Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists.”Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople’swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist--andespeciallytheadministrator--dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou--butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor________.[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’swork[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers27.Thespecialistis________.[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters28.Theadministratoris________.[A]a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities2[D]amanwhoisan“educated”specialist29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant________.[A]totrytobeageneralist[B]tochooseaprofitablejob[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist30.Aman’sfirstjob________.[A]isnevertherightjobforhim[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobText2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld--theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia--aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe________.[A]Iceland[B]LandofOpportunity[C]TheUnknownContinent[D]UtopiaatLast32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas________.[A]verylimited[B]vast[C]fairlyrich[D]nonexistent33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe________.[A]PacificOcean[B]IndianOcean[C]AtlanticOcean[D]Allthree334.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby________.[A]coldair[B]calmseas[C]ice[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent35.Accordingtothisarticle________.[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica1987年Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,”whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyin