河南城建学院本科毕业设计(论文)摘要I摘要电梯是一种用于电力拖动的特殊升降设备,是现代城市生活中必不可少且应用最广泛的垂直交通运输工具。随着社会的不断发展,电梯从手柄开关操纵电梯、按钮控制电梯发展到了现在的群控电梯,为高层运输做出了不可磨灭的贡献。随着电力电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展,交流变频调速技术的发展十分迅速。变频调速电梯使用了先进的PWM技术,明显改善了电梯运行质量和性能;调速范围广、控制精度高、动态性能好,舒适、安静、快捷,几乎可与直流电机相互媲美。同时也明显改善了电动机供电电源的质量,减少了谐波,提高了效率和功率因数,节能显著。本设计在采用PLC和变频器相互结合而实现电梯常规控制的基础上,通过对变频器和PLC芯片的合理选择和设计,大大提高了电梯的控制水平,并改善了电梯运行的舒适感,使电梯达到了较为理想的控制和运行效果。关键词:电梯,PWM控制,变频调速河南城建学院本科毕业设计(论文)ABSTRACTIIABSTRACTSummaryelevatorisaspecialelectrictractionequipment,isindispensableinmodernurbanlife,andthemostwidelyusedverticaltransportation.Associetydevelops,elevatorfromthehandleswitchelevators,buttonscontroltheelevatortothecurrentgroupofElevator,forseniortransportationpresent.Withpowerelectronicsandcomputercontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopment,ACinvertertechnologydevelopmentveryrapidly.VariablespeedelevatoruseadvancedPWM,significantlyimprovethequalityandperformanceelevator;speedrangewidely,control,precision,dynamicperformance,comfortable,quiet,fast,almostcomparabletotheDCmotor.Atthesametimesignificantlyimprovedmotorpowerquality,reducedharmonic,whichimprovestheefficiencyandpowerfactor,energy-savingsignificantly.ThisdesigninusePLCandinverterelevatoronthebasisofconventionalcontrol,throughtheinverterandPLCchipdesign,selectionandgreatlyimprovestheelevatorcontrollevels,andimprovesthecomfort,Elevatormakeselevatorreachesmoreidealcontrolandoperatingresults.Keywords:elevator,PWM,frequency河南城建学院本科毕业设计(论文)目录III目录摘要................................................................1ABSTRACT............................................................21引言...............................................................12概述...............................................................22.1电梯的概述...................................................22.1.1电梯的概念..............................................22.1.2电梯的分类..............................................22.1.3电梯的工作原理..........................................32.2电梯的基本结构...............................................42.2.1曳引系统................................................52.2.2导向系统................................................52.2.3门系统..................................................52.2.4轿厢....................................................52.2.5重量平衡系统............................................62.2.6电力拖动系统............................................62.2.7电气控制系统............................................62.2.8安全保护系统............................................63电梯电力拖动控制系统...............................................73.1变频调速电梯系统运行原理.....................................73.2变频器.......................................................83.2.1变频调速原理............................................83.2.2变频器组成、工作原理及其分类............................83.2.3变频器机型选择..........................................93.2.4变频器计算及其参数设置.................................113.3电梯理想速度曲线设计........................................113.3.1电梯快速性的性能要求...................................113.3.2电梯舒适性的性能要求...................................123.3.3电梯速度曲线...........................................123.4电梯曳引电动机及其功率确定..................................133.4.1电梯对曳引机的要求.....................................133.4.2曳引电动机额定功率的粗选...............................133.4.3曳引电动机过载、启动校验...............................144电梯电气控制系统..................................................164.1PLC及其在电梯控制中的应用特点..............................164.1.1PLC定义及其特点.......................................164.1.2PLC控制电梯的优点.....................................174.2PLC的选择..................................................174.2.1轿厢楼层位置检测方法...................................174.2.2PLC机型的选择.........................................184.3电梯电气控制系统设计方案....................................19河南城建学院本科毕业设计(论文)目录IV4.4电梯电气控制系统软件设计....................................224.4.1层楼继电器回路的实现..................................254.4.2召唤回路..............................................264.4.3指令回路..............................................264.4.4选向回路...............................................274.4.5电梯的开关门环节......................................284.4.6电梯起制动环节........................................304.4.7故障报警..............................................314.4.8电梯的通风系统........................................314.4.9电梯的照明系统........................................315总结.............................................................335.1全文总结....................................................335.2展望........................................................33参考文献...........................................................34致谢...............................................................35附录A电梯控制系统原理图...........................................36附录B电梯控制系统梯形图...........................................37河南城建学院本科毕业设计(论文)1引言11引言随着现代城市的发展,高层建筑日益增多,电梯成为人们日常生活必不可少的代步工具。电梯性能的好坏对人们生活的影响越来越显著,因此必须努力提高电梯系统的性能,保证电梯的运行既高效节能又安全可靠。我国电梯控制系统主要有三种方式:继电器控制系统、微机控制系统和PLC控制系统。其中PLC控制系统以其显著的优点成为电梯控制系统的主流。PLC控制系统主要有双速电梯系统和变压变频调速系统,后者通过改变电机供电的电压和频率,平滑调节电梯速度,可以获得更好的乘坐舒适感,它平层精度高,并具有显著的节能效果,保障了电梯的可靠性,成功地解决了电梯运行的舒适感问题。过去,对中、低速