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DifferencesbetweenEnglishWritingandChineseWriting1.主语的差异Differencesbetweensubjects►中文的主语未必都能作为英文的主语,例如:►Statisticsisthesciencedealingwiththecollection,organization,analysis,andinterpretationofnumericaldata.►(此处中文与英文主语一致)►ThisisthemicrocomputerIrecommendedtoyoutheotherday.►(此处中文的主语需用英文主语的补語表达)►Somethingiswrongwiththiscomputer.►(此处视情況确定主语)►有時中文本身无需主语或主语不明确,但英文则需有明确的主语,这就需要选用适当的英文句型,並确定主语。可用之句型有:►（1）采用Itis…结构►Itisdifficulttoexploitthisinventioncommercially.►（2）采用Thereis(are,was,were)…结构►Therewasaslightdelayduetothebreakageofacase.►（3）采用be+participle…结构►Forshippingeasethepackagewasdividedintosmallerboxes.2谓語的差异Differencesbetweenverbs►谓語的核心是动词,首先应区分及物(transitiveverb)与不及物动词(intransitiveverb).有时中文的及物动词在英文中要用不及物动词,這時需要在动词后加介系詞或副詞。►Callforpapers.►Thisformistobefilledinink.►Experimentshavebeencarriedoutinorderto…►英文中的动词除与介系詞和副詞搭配使用外,还有其他一些搭配结构:►Verb+adv.+prep.►openwayto開創►getdownto專心於►Verb+noun+prep.►makeprovisionfor準備►makeuseof使用►makefulluseof最大限度使用►Verb+adj.+prep.►get(be)familiarwith熟悉►makecertainof查明►bereadyfor準備好►becapableof能夠►Verb+prep.+noun+adj.►beinpositionof能夠3主动与被动的差异Differencesbetweenactiveandpassivevoices►在科技英文中,被动语态的使用要比普通英文中广泛得多。►Theengineis(hasbeen)started.►Hissignatureisattachedtothedocument.►在很多不需要提及具体动作的情形下,經常使用被动语态。►ThereaderisurgedtocomparethisresultwiththatgiveninFig.(1).►ThereaderisreferredtoRef.1forfurtherdetailsofthismodel.4詞序的差异Differencesbetweenwordorders►在英文中經常遇到同樣含意的中文和英文詞序上有差異。►貧富richorpoor►晴雨rainorshine►水路landorwater►敵我ourselvesandenemy►老少youngandold►飲食eatanddrink►冷热heatandcool►细长longandthin►前后backandforth►血肉fleshandblood►文武militaryandcivilian►水火fireandwater►年月monthandyear►衣食foodandclothing►东西eastandwest►华北NorthChina►华东EastChina►华南SouthChina►钢铁ironandsteel►轻重heavyandlight►左右rightandleft►新旧oldandnew►工农业agricultureandindustry►中小型smallandmediumsizes►新郎新娘brideandbridegroom►手疾眼快quickeyeanddefthand►有時中英文詞序一樣:►優缺點advantagesanddisadvantages►贊成與反對proandcon/forandagainst►異同點differencesandsimilarities►好壞goodorbad►早晚soonerorlater/morningandnight►上下upanddown►从东方到西方，家是最好的地方。►Eastorwest,homeisthebest.方位的詞序中英文相反:►西北東北►north-westnorth-east►西南東南►south-westsouth-east►南北方向的差異,英文是先北後南,而東西方向則中英文一致:►TaipeiisthebiggestcityinTaiwan.Itis12kilometersfromeasttowest,and10kilometersfromnorthtosouth.►左右的差異,英文是先右後左:►Whenwecrossastreet,weshouldbecautiousbylookingtotherightandleft.►來回的差異,英文是回在前,來在後:►Adealhasbeenreachedafterseveralback-and-forthcorrespondence.4主句與从句的差异Differencesbetweenclauses►中文中很少需要分析一個複合句中那個是主句,那個是子句,英文則需要區分主句及子句.►Aftermybrotherhadleftcollege,hewentabroadtotheStates.►IfJohnhadthechancetodothework,hewoulddoitanotherway.►主要名詞(mybrother)與代名詞(he)應分別置於主句與从句.5省略上的差异Differencesbetweenomissions►中文能省略之處英文不一定能省,反之亦然.►高雄的氣候比台北(的氣候)熱。►TheclimateofKaohsiungiswarmerthanthatofTaipei.►他對音樂的興趣比對物理的興趣大。►Hehasgreaterinterestinmusicthan(此處不加hisinterest)inphysics.6否定語的差异Differencesbetweennegativesentences►任何人不得將書籍帶出閱覽室。►Anybodyisnotallowedtotakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.►√Nobodyisallowedtotakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.►因為主詞anybody不可用於否定語句►你喜歡的我都不同意。►Anythingyoulikedoesnotagreewithme.►√Nothingyoulikeagreeswithme.►此文件下周才會有效(肯定句)。►Thesaiddocumentwillnotbeineffectuntilnextweek.(否定句)CommonMistakesinEnglish►1.Articles►Incorrectomission►1.1brains►Idonothavebrainstodoit.►√Idonothavethebrainstodoit.►1.2century,FarEast►InfifteenthcenturymanywesternEuropeanswereinterestedinFarEast.►√InthefifteenthcenturymanywesternEuropeanswereinterestedintheFarEast.►1.3Chinese►ChinesefoundouthowtomakesilkduringthereignofHang.►√TheChinesefoundouthowtomakesilkduringthereignofHang.►1.4cinema►IwillgotocinemawithMary.►√IwillgotothecinemawithMary.►1.5fortune►Whenhewasyoung,hemadefortunefromhisbusiness.►√Whenhewasyoung,hemadeafortunefromhisbusiness.►√Hemadehisfortunefromhisbusiness.►1.6government►Governmentshouldhelphispeopletoachieveabetterlivingcondition.►√Thegovernmentshouldhelphispeopletoachieveabetterlivingcondition.►1.7housework►Wendydoeshouseworkwhenhermotherisaway.►√Wendydoesthehouseworkwhenhermotherisaway.►1.8job►Iamlookingforjob.►√Iamlookingforajob.►1.9office►Igotoofficeatnineeveryday.►√Igototheofficeatnineeveryday.►1.10onthephone►Marytoldmethenewsonphone.►√Marytoldmethenewsonthephone.►1.11piano►Apianistisonewhoplayspiano.►√Apianistisonewhoplaysthepiano.►1.12UniteStates►HaveyoueverbeentoUniteStates?►√HaveyoueverbeentotheUniteStates?(theNetherlands,thePhilippines)►Incorrectinsertion►1.13afterbreakfast►Wherewillyougoafterthebreakfast?►√Wherewillyougoafterbreakfast?►1.14arms►Thepeopletookupthearmsagainstthetyrant.►√Thepeopletookuparmsagainstthetyrant.►1.15athalfprice►Iboughtthisbagatahalfprice.►√Iboughtthisbagathalfprice.►1.16atnight►Healwaysstudiesatthenight.►√Healwaysstudiesatnight.(intheevening)►1.17ChineseNewYear►ChildrenarehappyattheChineseNewYear.►√ChildrenarehappyatChineseNewYear.►1.18Christmas►IwillgotoCanadaattheChristmas.►√IwillgotoCanadaatChristmas.►1.19frombeginningtoend►Iknewnothingaboutitfromthebeginningtotheend.►√Iknewnothingaboutitfrombeginningtoend.►1.20inclass►Peteristhecleverestboyintheclass.►√Peteristhecl