第2讲并列句和状语从句[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallythesocalled“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,andVietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.1.并列连词(考查的重点:and,but,or,so,when,while);2.状语从句的引导词。短文改错1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears,butheagreed.but→and2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.where→when3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent,waitingtoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.and→or4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.and→but1.并列连词的错用或缺失;2.状语从句连接词的错用;3.并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。考点一并列连词[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·重庆联考)Itwasanextremelydark,lonelycountryroad.Neitherasinglepersonnoranytrafficwasinsightatall.2.(2019·东北三省四市二模)Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasaridiculousidea.ButIchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavytraffic.3.(2019·山西省八校联考)Lookingback,Iknowthegreatestdifficultyonourwaytosuccessisourfear.Overcomeit,andwewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.Ⅱ.单句改错4.(2019·江西名校联盟检测)Althoughitwasalreadyautumn,butitwasstillhot.去掉but5.(2019·郑州质检)Shewasbornintoapoorfamilyorsheworkedveryhardtobesuccessful.or→and/so/but[再解读要点]1.表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词:and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellasNotonlycanabeautifulsmilemakeourselveshappy,butalsoitenablesotherstofeeldelighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴,而且能使他人感到愉快。2.表转折的并列连词:but,yet;表对比关系的并列连词:whileThefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn'tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击,但他并没有沮丧,很快便像以前一样充满热情。Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人,而我的室友凯特却极有条理。[易错提示]but不与although/though连用,但yet,still可与although/though连用。3.表选择关系的并列连词:or,either...or...,not...but...Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeitherpersonallyorthroughtheircompanies.他们给养老院送钱,有的是以个人的名义,有的则是以公司的名义。4.表因果关系的并列连词:so,for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首)Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.由于他的视力下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。5.when可用于并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式:(1)beabouttodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”(2)beonthepointofdoingsth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”(3)bedoingsth.when...“正在做某事,这时突然……”(4)haddonesth.when...“刚做完某事,这时突然……”IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现自己走错了路。Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业,她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。[技法点拨](教师用书独具)并列句与语法填空并列句与短文改错并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义,理清前后逻辑关系很重要。1.分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号,确定是否需要连接词连接,从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余,以便增删连接词。2.分析句子间的意义关系,判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确,然后予以改正。and表并列;yet/but表转折;or表选择;so表因果;while表对比;when表“就在这时”等,在做短文改错时一定要记牢。考点二状语从句[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·龙岩质检)Butfornow,theyallhavetopostponetheirplansuntil/tillthewinterstormspass.2.(2019·咸阳二模)Researchershavefound,intheirexperiment,thatababy'scriescancauseuniqueemotionalresponsesinthebrain,makingitimpossibleforustoignorethemwhetherweareparentsornot.3.(2019·重庆联考)Iwasdrivinghomelateatnightwhenmycarlostmomentum(动力)andgotslowerandslower.Ⅱ.单句改错4.(2019·黄石月考)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.去掉at5.(2019·河北联考)Becauseyouhaveanythingthatpuzzlesyou,itwouldbegreattotalkwithMr.Tang.Because→If6.(2019·安徽百校二模)Ithappenssuchoftenthatweenduptakingourparentsforgranted.such→so[再解读要点]一、时间状语从句1.when,while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……”Asitgetswarmerandwarmer,thetreesbegintocometolife.随着天气变得越来越暖和,树木开始恢复生机。2.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directlyThemomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwithjoy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭,那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我刚到办公室,妻子就打电话让我回家。3.before,since引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式:①Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before...过了……时间才……;②Itwon'tbe/wasn't+一段时间+before...没过多久就……。Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since意为“自从……以来”,常用句式:Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.正如所报道的,清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。4.till/until引导的时间状语从句until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词;not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首,而till不能。Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你遇到不懂的东西,可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈,直到你把它弄明白。Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.等学生们安静下来后,她才开始上课。5.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等引导的时间状语从句Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.当他到达车站时,火车已经开走了。二、让步状语从句1.although,though,as和while引导的让步状语从句(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序,也可不倒装;although引导的从句不倒装;as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalforn