SSS离合器

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SSS离合器介绍SSSclutch烟囱蒸汽水冷凝器汽轮机燃气轮机发电机联合循环原理排气单轴联合循环(汽轮机与发电机直接串联)优点:共用发电机缺点:设置辅助锅炉运行受牵制SSS单轴联合循环(汽轮机与发电机之间装SSS离合器)优点:运行无牵制缺点:装自同步离合器SSS离合器:功能:(摘自SSS离合器使用手册)Thepurposeoftheclutch:TheSSSClutchisusedinasingleshaftcogenerationplanttoconnectanddisconnectthesteamturbinedrivetooneendofthegeneratordrivenattheotherendbyagasturbine.SSS离合器安装在单轴共用发电机的电厂设备上,以联接或断开汽轮机与发电机,发电机的另一端与燃气轮机相联连。Withtheoutputsideoftheclutch(thegeneratorandgasturbine)rotatingatfullspeed,theinputsideoftheclutch(thesteamturbine)canbestartedandrunuptofullspeedtoautomaticallyengagetheclutchandconnectthedrive.Thesteamturbinecanbeshutdownindependentlyofthegasturbineandtheclutchwillautomaticallydisengagetodisconnectthedrive.离合器的输出端(发电机和燃气轮机)在全转速运行时,离合器的输入端(汽轮机)能启动并达到全速,离合器自动啮合与发电机相连。汽轮机也能独立于燃气轮机单独停机,停机时离合器自动脱开而与发电机断开。简言之,SSS离合器是一种单向传递扭矩的装置单向传递扭矩装置应用实例:棘轮机构仅当主动轮(内则)作顺时针转动且转速大于被动轮(外侧)时,被动轮才被驱动而传递扭矩。应用于:低转速,小功率SSS工作原理(No.1B)TheinitialsSSSdenotethe'Synchro-Self-Shifting'actionoftheclutch,wherebytheclutchdrivinganddriventeetharephasedandthenautomaticallyshiftedaxiallyintoengagementwhenrotatingatpreciselythesamespeed.Theclutchdisengagesassoonastheinputspeedslowsdownrelativetotheoutputspeed.首字母SSS指的是离合器的“Synchro-Self-Shifting”作用,当离合器的主动、从动齿轮转速完全相等时两者相位同步、自动轴向移动而啮合。而一旦输入转速低于输出转速时离合器脱开。ThebasicoperatingprincipleoftheSSSclutchcanbecomparedtotheactionofanutscrewedontoabolt.Iftheboltrotateswiththenutfree,thenutwillrotatewiththebolt.Ifthenutispreventedfromrotatingwhiletheboltcontinuestoturn,thenutwillmoveinastraightlinealongthebolt.SSS离合器的基本工作原理可比拟为螺母拧在螺栓上。如果螺栓转动时螺母是自由的,则螺母将随螺栓一同转动,如果螺母受限制而螺栓继续转动,则螺母将沿螺栓作直线运动。SSS工作原理(No.1B)InanSSSclutchtheinputshafthashelicalsplineswhichcorrespondtothethreadofthebolt.Mountedonthehelicalsplinesisaslidingcomponentwhichsimulatesthenut.Theslidingcomponenthasexternalclutchteethatoneend,andasetofpawlsattheotherWhentheinputshaftrotates,theslidingcomponentrotateswithituntilapawltipcontactsaratchettoothontheoutputclutchringtopreventrotationoftheslidingcomponentrelativetotheoutputclutchring,andalignthedrivinganddrivenclutchteeth.在SSS离合器的输入轴上有一螺旋齿起到对应螺栓作用,而安装在螺旋齿上的是一滑动组件,起到类似螺母的作用。滑动部件的一端是离合器啮合外齿,而在另一端是一组棘爪。当输入轴旋转时,滑动部件随轴一起转动直到棘卡爪尖端接触到离合器输出环的棘轮齿为止,这就阻挡了滑动组件相对于离合器输出环的转动,并使主、从动离合器的齿对准。PawlsSSS工作原理(No.1B)Astheinputshaftcontinuestorotate,theslidingcomponentwillmoveaxiallyalongthehelicalsplinesoftheinputshaftmovingtheclutchdrivinganddriventeethsmoothlyintoengagement.Duringthismovement,theonlyloadtakenbythepawlisthatrequiredtoshiftthelightweightslidingcomponentalongthehelicalsplines.Astheslidingcomponentmovesalongtheinputshaft,thepawlpassesoutofcontactwiththeratchettooth,allowingthedrivingteethtocomeintoflankcontactwiththedriventeethandcontinuestheengagingtravel随着输入轴继续转动,滑动组件沿输入轴的螺旋齿轴向移动,并使主、从动齿轮平稳地啮合。在此运动过程中棘爪承受的载荷仅是需推动这个重量很轻的滑动部件沿螺旋齿移动所需的力。此时滑动组件沿输入轴移动,棘爪则与棘轮齿脱开,这使得主动齿与从动齿在齿侧面接触、并继续啮合的进程。Drivingtorquefromtheinputshaftwillonlybetransmittedwhentheslidingcomponentcompletesitstravelbycontactinganendstopontheinputshaft,withtheclutchteethfullyengagedandthepawlsunloaded.SSS工作原理(No.1B)当滑动部件碰到输入轴上的端部而啮合进程完成后,齿轮完全啮合,来自输入轴的驱动力矩在齿轮的作用下实现传递,此时棘爪棘轮完全脱离而不承载。Whenanutisscrewedagainsttheheadofabolt,noexternalthrustisproduced.SimilarlywhentheslidingcomponentofanSSSclutchreachesitsendstopandtheclutchistransmittingdrivingtorque,noexternalthrustloadsareproducedbythehelicalsplines.当螺母拧到螺栓底部后,不再产生轴向外力。类似地,当滑动组件移动碰及输入轴端部后,SSS离合器不仅传递驱动力矩,不对外产生由螺旋齿产生的轴向外力。Ifthespeedoftheinputshaftisreducedrelativetotheoutputshaft,thetorqueonthehelicalsplineswillreverse.Thiscausestheslidingcomponenttoreturntothedisengagedpositionandtheclutchwilloverrun.Athighoverrunningspeeds,pawlratchetingispreventedbyacombinationofcentrifugalandhydrodynamiceffectsactingonthepawls.如果输入轴的转速相对于输出轴降低了,在螺旋齿上的将作用反向力矩。使滑动组件返回到脱开位置,离合器将过速运转,在高过速运转时,由于离心力和液压效应的共同作用避免了棘爪向棘轮齿的“棘合”。ThebasicSSSclutchcanoperatecontinuouslyengagedoroverrunningatmaximumspeedwithoutwearoccurring.基本型SSS离合器可以在啮合或最大超速状态下连续运行而无磨损。SSS工作原理(No.1B)BackSSS工作原理(No.4)SSSPrincipleNo.4Dashpot-doubleactingtypeThepurposeofthedoubleactingdashpotistocushionclutchengagementathighaccelerationandslowdowntherateofdisengagement..双作用缓冲室的目的是为高加速度时的啮合和减速时的脱开提供缓冲。离合器脱开双作用缓冲室中被不间断地供入低压润滑油,润滑油通常来自电厂主润滑油系统离合器啮合中当棘爪脱离、继而离合器啮合,强效的缓冲作用开始。SSS工作原理(No.4)离合器啮合离合器啮合终了因缓冲室而得到缓冲。缓冲室也同样减缓了脱开速度。SSS工作原理(No.4)SSSPrincipleNo.5RelayTypeClutchSSS工作原理(No.5)应用在大功率电厂的离合器采用继动型离合器,继动(离合)器用于预啮合主离合器。采用小棘爪来啮合较小的继动(离合)器。然后由(继动)器上较大的齿轮来啮合较大质量的主离合器。Forhighpowerapplicationsarelayclutchisusedtoinitiateengagementofthemainclutch.Lightweightpawlsareusedtofirstengagethesmallrelayclutch.Themorepowerfulteethoftherelayclutchthenengagethelargermassofthemainclutch.SSS工作原理(No.5)Sequencetoengage/disengage啮合/脱开的步骤1:Withtheoutputsideoftheclutchoverrunningandtheinputsideatrest,theclutchisdisengagedasshownintheupperhalfoftheillustration.Thepawlsareinactive.离合器的输出端高速运转而输入端静止时离合器脱开,如图示中上半部所示。此时卡爪是不起作用。2:Theinputsideoftheclutchisacceleratedand,attheinstanttheinputsideovertakestheoutputside,therelayclutchisengagedbythepawlsasdescribedinthe'BasicSSSCutchPrinciple'sheet.离合器的输入端加速旋转,当输入端转速赶上输出端时继动器啮合,其棘爪动作如之前描述的基本型SSS离合

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