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年公共英语讲义-改错题讲解一、改错题常见考点.......................................................21.词汇考点..........................................................22.语法考点..........................................................2二、练习题：辨认错误并改正试题...........................................8三、参考答案：..........................................................14词汇考点(1)词语搭配（介词、连词的选择）错误TheelementcarboniswidelyAfoundBinnatureCinmanyformsincludingbothdiamondsaswellasDcoal.解析：Daswellas改为and。both…and…为固定结构。(2)错误地省略介词ThelawIamreferringArequiresthateveryoneBwhoownsCacarhaveDaccidentinsurance.解析：A改为referringto：参考；涉及。注意本句中require后宾语从句中使用了虚拟语气，have前省略了should。(3)其他高频词汇考点one’sabilitytodosth.,lookforwardtodoingsth.,berobbedofsth.,morethanampletodosth.（足以……）,befarremovedfrom…（与……毫不相干）,withauthorityoversth.（有权力……）,to…extent/degree,winagreatvictoryoversb.,in…respect（在……方面）,atone’sexpense（由……承担）,keepdiscipline（遵守纪律），onthedecline/increase（在下降/增加）2.语法考点(1)非谓语动词①动词不定式WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisAasapainterB,IcannothelpbutbelievingCthatthepublicDwillappreciatehisgift.解析：C删去but，can’thelpdoingsth.：情不自禁……或将believing改为believe，’thelpbutdosth.：不得不……。②动名词SomebossesdisliketoallowApeopletoshareBtheirresponsibilities;theykeepallCimportantmatterstightlyDintheirownhands.解析：Atoallow改为allowing。dislike后接动名词。③现在分词、过去分词混淆HecannottellthedifferencebetweentrueApraiseandflatteringBstatementsmakingConlytogainDhisfavor.解析：Cmaking改为made。statements与make为被动关系。(2)比较级、最高级错误点设置①比较级、最高级形式误用AgreatmanyAeducatorsfirmlyBbelievethatEnglishisoneofthepoorestCtaughtsubjectsinhighschoolstodayD.解析：C改为mostpoorly。taught为动词，要由副词poorly修饰，poorly最高级为mostpoorly。②比较范围重复出现OfallhisoutdoorAactivities,PaullikesfishingbestofallB,buthedoesn’tenjoycleaningCfishingrodsafterwardsD.解析：B改为(the)best或(the)most。本句中开头已有Ofall…，表示整体范围，后用最高级，故删除后面的ofall。此外，副词最高级前the可以省略。③句中出现than，却没有相应形容词或副词的比较级形式OnthewholeA,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelyBtosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethoseCwithDlittleambition.解析：Baremuchlikely改为aremorelikely。此外，注意本句中被比较的成分使用了倒装句结构。④比较对象不一致AsfarasAIamconcerned,hispoliticsareBratherconservativecomparedCwithotherpoliticiansD.解析：Dpoliticians改为politicians’。比较对象为“他的政见”与“其他政客的政见”。此外，注意：politics单复数同形，表示“政治学”时，谓语动词用单数；表示“政见”时，谓语动词用复数。⑤比较级错用解析：A改为fewer，修饰可数名词复数members。less修饰不可数名词。(3)（并列、转折结构）平衡一致原则常考：…and/but…,not…but…,…not…,as…as…,notso/as…as…,…than…：前后比较成分在形式、词性上均对等一致。WhileinAEurope,thetouristsenjoyedtoBtheirheart’sCcontenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothetheatreD.解析：D改为thetheatre。关键词and表示并列。此处theweather,thefood,thetheatre均充当enjoy的宾语。(4)三大从句注意：三大从句中，错误点往往设置在引导词（连接词）的选择上。①名词性从句1）主语从句TobeAfrank,thatBisagreatrelieftohavethetaskfulfilledCinsoshortatimeD.解析：B改为it。本句看似是一个主语从句，其实it为形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。2）宾语从句IthoughtthetechnicianwastoblameAfortheblowingBofthefuse,butIseenowhowCIwasDmistaken.解析：Chow改为that。that为宾语从句引导词。②定语从句1）关系代词、关系副词的误用ThenewhotelhaserectedAabeautifulbuildingwithBrecreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhichCthefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtainedD.解析：C改为where或fromwhich或onwhich。thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained为完整的句子，故应用关系副词或介词+关系代词连接，先行词floor指地点。2）成分多余TheypointedoutAthedamagewhichBtheysupposedthatChadbeendonebylastnight’sDstorm.解析：C去掉that。本句中关系代词which为定语从句的主语，theysupposed为插入语，为谓语，故that多余。3）缺少关系代词AccountsofAscientificexperimentsaregenerallycorrectforBthosewriteaboutCsciencearecarefulincheckingDtheaccuracyoftheirreports.解析：C改为whowriteabout或writingabout。those后接who引导定语从句。此外，句中for引导原因状语从句。③状语从句注意：常考unless。IfonlyAthenatureoftheagingprocessisBbetterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscoveringCamedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseemsDveryremote.解析：A改为unless，表示“除非”。(5)虚拟语气①if条件句中连词被错误地省略IshouldAnothaverecognizedtheBmanevenCyouhadtoldDmehisname.解析：C改为evenif或eventhough。本句主句、从句均对过去虚拟。②宾语从句中未能正确使用虚拟语气I’dratheryouwouldgoAbytrain,becauseIcan’tbearBtheideaofyourbeingCinanairplaneinsuchDbadweather.解析：Awouldgo改为went。wouldrather后宾语从句对现在、将来虚拟均用一般过去时。(6)被动语态①该使用被动，却误用主动TounderstandthesituationcompletelyArequiresBmorethoughtthanhasgivenCthusfarD.解析：C改为hasbeengiven。thought与give之间为被动关系。此外，应注意本句主语为动词不定式。②该使用主动，却误用被动Ifitdoesn’tArainwithinBthenextfewweeks,thecropsCwillhavetobewaterediftheyaretobesurvivedD.解析：Dtobesurvived改为tosurvive。survive无被动语态。常考last,appear,arise,breakout,occur等，不及物动词无被动。(7)时态HealsoconceivedAthatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcomeBintoexistencebyCanaturalprocessandwoulddisappearDoneday.解析：Bwouldcome改为hadcome。太阳系与宇宙已经形成，再加上conceived为一般过去时，故其后从句用过去完成时。(8)动词的误用ForhimtobereelectedA,whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworksB,butthatCthepublicbelievethatitisD.解析：Dis改为does。does代指前面动词works。注意句中平衡一致结构notthat…,butthat…。(9)主谓不一致AlthoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillAinneedofrepairB,therehavebeenCimprovementinthefacilitiesD.解析：C改为hasbeen。本题中improvement为抽象的名词，属于不可数名词，故谓语动词应该用单数。注意：本句中repair为名词。(10)倒装结构误用MuchalthoughAIhavetraveled,IhaveneverseenanyonetoequalB