Water-Resources-in-China

WaterResourcesinChinaClass3Group1ContentsOverviewofWaterResourcesinChinaSpeaker:WangjinlongWaterResourcesinthenorthofChinaSpeaker:WangjinlongWaterResourcesinthesouthofChinaSpeaker:HeyangWaterResourcesWaterResourcesPrecipitationRiverLakeGroundwaterWhichfourmainelements(元素)includinginwaterresources?China‘swatersituation：Annualmeanprecipitationis648mminChina,withanestimateddischargeof2711.5billionm³,828.8billionm³inshallowgroundwaterresource,andanaggregateannualvolumeof2812.4billionm³.年平均降水量为648毫米，估计中国排放，2711500000000立方米，8288.00亿立方米的浅层地下水资源，以及总额28124.0亿立方米的年销量。PrecipitationinvariousregionsofChinadiffersgreatlyandunevenlyindistributionasaresultofChina’smonsoonclimate,topography(地形),andgeomorphy(地貌).Intheeastrainfallisgenerallyheavy,whereasthewesthasverylittlerainfall;meanwhile,thesouthhasheavyrainfall,whereasthenorthhasverylittlerainfall.Atthesametime,Chinahavemorethen50000riverswhosecatchmentareaisover100k㎡,and1500riverswhosecatchmentareaisover1000k㎡.Outofwhich,themostfamousriversareYangtzeRiver,YellowRiver,ZhujiangRiver,andHuaiheRiver.Besides,thereareroughly24000lakesinChinaatotalstoragecapacityof708.8billionm³andasurfaceareaof72000k㎡.Well-knownfreshwaterlakesarePoyangLake,DongtingLake,TaihuLake,andHongzeLake.Groundwaterresourcesinthenationalannualaverageofabout828.8billionm³,ofwhich676.2billionm³distributedinthemountainousregions,187.4billionm³distributedintheplains,mountainsandplainsrepeattheexchangeofabout348billionm³.Becauseofthisvastquantityofwater,Chinaisrankedthesixthintheworldintermsofaggregateannualwaterresources.However,theavailablewaterresourcesannuallyper-capitainChinaisonly2200m³，whichmakesChinaoneofthewatershortestcountriesoftheworld.Thescarcity(稀缺)ofwaterresourcesespeciallyinthenorthChina.Basin(流域）TherearesevenmajorChineseriverbasins,andthereisavastdrainagearea,inChina.QuestionWhatareriverbasinsinChina?DonotyouseetheYellowRiverwaterheaven,pourintotheseaisnolongerback!TheYellowRiver,orHuanghe,isthesecondlongestriverinChina.andflowseastfor5,464kmuntilitemptiesintothesea,drainingabasinof745,000k㎡,whichnourishes120millionpeople.ThousandyearsagotheChinesecivilizationemergedfromthecentralregionofthisbasin.TheYellowRiverBasinaverageannualprecipitation478mm,6~10monthlyprecipitationaccountedfor65%~85%,thelargestheavyrainoccurredintheJulyandAugust.YellowRiverfloodcontrolsecuritythreats,thelargestfloodoccurredinthesummerandfall,calledtheFu-qiuDaxun,followedbywintericerun.TheaverageannualsedimentoftheYellowRiverwasabout1.6billionton,thehighestintheworld.ThededicationofMotherRiver1.TheYellowRiveristhemainforceshapingtheNorthChinaPlain;andhasshapedtheNingxiaPlainandHetaoPlain,whichPeoplecallthemas“FrontierSouth”(塞上江南)2.Onthemiddlereachesofwaterrichinresources.3.TheYellowRiverflowsthroughtheregion,especiallyfortheNingxiaPlainandHetaoPlainprovisionofirrigationwateranddomesticwater.SonghuaRiverSonghuaRiveristhelargesttributaryoftherightbankoftheHeilongjiang,thetotallengthabout2309km.InHeilongjiangProvinceatotaldrainageareaof26.9millionk㎡.Theaverageannualflowof73.3billionm³.SonghuaRivertosupplythemainrain.Seasonalchangeswereapparent,July-Augusttherunoffaccountsfor40%ofthetotalrunoff,OctobertoAprilofthefollowingyearrunoffaccountedforonly15%ofthetotalrunoff.Frommid-Novembertomid-Aprilthefollowingyear,freezingperiodof140days,maximumicethickness1m.QinghaiLakearea:Thisistheworld'slargesthighlandlakegroupdistributionarea.lakesareaareaboutHalfofcountry'stotallakesarea.(1).QinghaiLake:QinghaiLakeisChina'slargestlake(watervolumeandarearankedfirstinChina),QinghaiLakeisChina'slargestsaltwaterlake..(2).NamCo(Tibetan)toChina'shighestlake.(3).ChaerhanSaltLake(察尔汗盐湖)(QaidamBasin,QinghaiProvince)isChina'slargestsaltlake.Inaddition,thereareHaiheRiver,LiaoheRiver,twomajorriversystemsandnumeroustributaries(支流)andlakesintheNorth.PleasecontinuetoviewYangtzeRiverYellowRiverZhujiangRiverHuaiheRiverLiaoheRiverHaiheRiverSonghuajiangRiverYangtzeRiverYellowRiver