英语修辞.Analogy

EnglishRhetoric英语修辞学AestheticRhetoric美学修辞FiguresofSpeech英语修辞格FiguresofSimilarity相似修辞学I.FiguresofSimilarity•1.Simile•2.Metaphor•3.Analogy•4.PersonificationAnalogy类推1.DefinitionofAnalogy•Analogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyconcentrateononepointofresemblance,1.DefinitionofAnalogy•analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualities,orpointsofresemblance.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy•Thefunctionofanalogydiffersfromthatofsimileormetaphor.•Whilethelatterfiguresservetoheighteneffectwithvividimagery,2.ThefunctionofAnalogy•Analogyischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorforthe•explanationorexpositionofanidea.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy•Analogiesarenotlogical,butemotional.Analogyistherealmoftherhetoricofassociationinpersuasion.•Itisacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings.•e.g.:Corruptionandcancerarelike.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy•Analogy:Corruptionislikecancer.•Agreedphenomenon:Cancermustbecutoutruthlessly.•Conclusion:Corruptionmustbecutoutruthlessly.•Sentence:Corruptionistoasocietywhatcanceristoabody.2.ThefunctionofAnalogyAnalogy•Theanalogycanbedevelopedthroughasmanyparallelsimilaritiesasthewritercanthinkof,toconvincethereaderthat•thethingsarealikeinsomanyrespects,soaconclusiondrawnfromonethingsuggestsasimilarconclusionfromtheotherthing.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy•Analogypointsoutalargenumberofsimilaritiesbetweenthetwounlikes.•Themorepointsofsimilarity,thestrongertheanalogy.•e.g.:Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.3.Analogyisusuallyconstructedinthefollowingpatterns:•1)AistoBwhatCistoD.•=WhatCistoD,AistoB.•(1)Foodistomanwhatfuelistoengine.•(2)Theairistomanwhatwateristofish.3.PatternsofAnalogy•2)AtoBisasCtoD.•=AistoAasCistoD.•(1)Foodtomanisasfueltoengine.•(2)Threeistooneasnineistothree.3.PatternsofAnalogy•3)(Just)asAistoB,(so)CistoD.•=AsAdoesB,soCdoesD.•=JustasAdidB,soCdidD•e.g.:(1)Justasdarkcloudscannotlonghidethesun,(so)noliescancoverupfacts.3.PatternsofAnalogy•(2)JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.•4)IfAwereB,CwouldbeD.•e.g.Iflovewerewhattheroseis,Iwouldbeliketheleaf.3.PatternsofAnalogy•5)AistoBthesamewayasCistoD.•e.g.:Youthsaretoasocietythesamewayasnewcellsaretoabody.4.ExercisesforAnalogyPutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese•1).Whatsculptureistotheblockofmarble,educationistothesoul.•=Educationistothesoulwhatsculptureistotheblockofmarble.•教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese•2)Thechess-boardistheworld;•thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse;therulesofgameare•whatwecallthelawofNature.•棋盘犹如世界，棋子如世界上的各种现象，而下棋的规则则如自然规律。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese•3)JustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfrommen’smusclesandenormouslyexpandedproductivity,•sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdullworkfromhumanbrainandtherebyexpandingthemind’scapacitiesinwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp.4.TranslationoftheAnalogy•翻译：•正如工业革命把人从大量繁重的体力劳动中解放出来，而且极大地扩大了生产力，•电脑速猛地把人从许多乏味的脑力劳动中解放出来，而且扩大了人们刚刚开始掌握的人脑的容量。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese•4)Theskyistobirdswhattheseaistofish.•天空对于鸟儿犹如大海对于鱼儿。•5)Pensaretowriterswhatweaponsaretosoldiers.•笔对于作家犹如武器对于战兵。5.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish,usingAnalogy•1)马克思对社会发展的贡献犹如达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。•MarxdidforthedevelopmentofsocietywhatDarwindidforthedevelopmentofbiology.•Or:Justas…,so…;5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy•2)文化多样性之于人类社会，犹如生物多样性之于自然界一样。•Thediversitiesofculturesaretothehumansocietywhat/thesamewayasthevarietiesofcreaturesaretonature.•Or:Justas…,so….5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy•3)葡萄酒对于法国人犹如啤酒对于英国人。•WineistoFrenchpeoplewhatbeeristoBritishpeople.•Or:As…,so….5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy•4)青年之于社会犹如新鲜细胞之于人体。•Youthsaretoasocietywhatnewcellsaretoabody.Moreexamples•1.Asthetreewillturngreeninspring,soourdreamwillcometrueinthefuture.•2.Asthelionisthekingofbeasts,soistheeaglethekingofbirds/sotheeagleisthekingofbirds.Moreexamples•3.Asthechildhoodshowstheman,somornigshowstheday.•4.Asbloodvesselsaretoaman'sbody,sorailwayistotransportation.=Thatbloodvesselsaretoaman'sbodyissuchsorailwayistotransportation.Moreexamples•5.Asthemedicinehealsthewounds,sotimehealsheartbreak.•6.Asemptyvesselsmaketheloudestsound,sothosewhohavetheleastwitarethegreatestbabblers.•8.Aslungsaretotheanimals,soleavesaretotheplants.Homework•Writeorcollectsomesentencesinwhichanalogyisused.6.IsAnalogyusedinthefollowing?•1.Asyousow,soyoureap.6.IsAnalogyusedinthefollowing?•2.DavidBeckham,ofEngland’sManchesterUnited,isaherotoEuropeansinthesamewayasMichaelJordanistoAmericans.