中国稀土产业的发展现状

1,23,2(1.,100088;2.,100871):,40,,,,,,,,,,,:;;:F124.5:A:0258-7076(2003)06-0813-06[1],,,[27],212000,4300,43%(1)[9],,()(),;,,,90%,,[10],,,,;,,2[11],12080,,20%[11]1986,,[12],5001000,,6N,65%(70%,[13],16(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Tb,Dy,Lu,Y,Sc),TREO99%,REO/TREO99.99%99.999%,276Vol.27.6CHINESEJOURNALOFRAREMETALS200311November2003:2003-06-10;:2003-08-21:(1969-),,,,;:3(E2mail:[e-mail])12000()3Table1Reservesandreservesbaseofrareearthintheworldin2000(REO,104t)/%/%430048004339400.4190021001928310.313001400133.03.50.05205805.21.21.30.01101301.11704.81814.217.0941000.910000100001003:MineralCommoditySummaries,20012(REO,%)Table2DataoftypicalcontentofrareearthofmainrareearthminesintheworldA3B3C3La2O325.0038.0027.562.1832.0025.0023.901.26CeO250.073.503.231.0949.0050.0046.303.17Pr6O115.107.415.621.084.405.005.050.50Nd2O316.6030.1817.553.4713.5015.0017.381.61Sm2O31.205.324.542.370.500.702.531.16Eu2O30.180.510.930.370.100.090.050.01Gd2O30.704.215.965.690.300.601.493.52Tb4O70.10.460.681.130.010.040.92Dy2O30.11.773.717.480.030.600.698.44Ho2O30.10.270.741.600.010.700.052.01Er2O30.10.882.484.260.010.800.216.52Tm2O30.10.130.270.600.020.100.011.14Yb2O30.10.621.133.340.010.200.126.87Lu2O30.10.130.210.470.010.150.041.00Y2O30.4310.0724.2664.970.101.302.4161.873A;B;C5N[14]1.1,,,,,80,6REO,1.5,,20(30,1.5(2,,,,(),,,343%,76%[14,15]1978,5000,,102030,1001.2,140000(REO)/,110000/41827(REO),200288400(REO),87.8%,(5.9%)83400(REO)(4)170,2000500015,5000(REO)6(())5[15]1.3,680%340%,,20%,522.1,,,,,,,1980,,15%20%1990,,,,,,,,,50%,,,10%[11]2.2,,,,,,,,,,,,2.3,3Table3Distributionofrareearthrawmaterialsforenter2prises/%//%/8250.34552742.0600003219.63116328.7180004326.42637024.31500063.754405.03000163100108500100.0960004()3Table4Productionofrareearthmineintheworld(REO,t)1997199819992000200120022002/%53300670007000078000806008840089.420000500050005000500050005.12000200024002000200020002.03254658502002002000.29006004002700270027002.72203502504504504500.51201201201201201200.1783257353579020884709107098870100.03:MiningAnnualReview,2003518653Table5Distributionandcapacityofrareearthenterprises(REO)/(/)/(/)/%602800041725.8291200041411.0830000370019.4112000120009.29900010008.3305000604.62300015002.83300010002.8425006252.32250012502.3315005001.4315005001.4425006252.35700014486.416310850067010031.;2.,,1004:(111%)(313%)(4113%)(54.3%),;,,[15]2.4,,,,,53,1,,,Sm2Fe2N,,TDK1999SmFeN,,[6],,,,,,21,,,,,,2001,20016300,27.9%;20029000,34.9%2.5,,,40%,,,,,2500,1100,815,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,?,,200161827,,,,,,,,,,,(),,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[7],,,;,,,,,,,,,4,,,,;,,;,,,,3:,,,[8,11]:(1),(2),,,,(3),,,,,(4),,,(5),,,(6),,,(7),,,,,,,(8)(9),5,7186,,,,,,,,,,,,,2002,,1519,,,,[9],,,21,WTO,,:[1].[J].,2002,23(1):72.[2],,.[J].,2003,21(3):287.[3],,.WTO[J].,2002,20(6):491.[4],,,.[J].,2003,21(4):417.[5]FuXixian,YangQiuhua,WangJunzhen,etal.Photocatalyticdegradationofwater2solubledoesbyCaClO3[J].JournalofRareEarths,2003,21(4):424.[6]WangXingji,WanYing,LuGuanzhong.Effectoflanthanumonmethaoldfuelexhaustdeepoxidationoverpalladiumcatalyst[J].JournalofRareEarths,2003,21(1):46.[7],.Y2O3[J].,2003,21(2):166.[8].(2)[M].:,1995.[9].WTO[J].,2002,(4):24.[10],.[J].,2001,(4):27.[11].,[A].[C].2002,1.[12].[J].,2001,(1):19.[13].[J].,2002,23(4):69.[14],,,.[J].,2003,47(3):391.[15].[J].,2001,22(6):76.[16].[J].,2000,21(1):53.[17].[A].[C].2002,19.[18].[J].,2002,20(3):75.[19].2002[J].,2003,(1):2.StatusofDevelopmentofRareEarthIndustryinChinaQianJiuhong1,23,LiGuoping2(1.InstituteofScienceandTechnologyInformation,GeneralResearchInstituteforNon2FerrousMetals,Beijing100088,China;2.ShoolofGovernment,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China)Abstract:China,withabundantrareearthresource,hasbeenthebiggestproduce,consumeandsupplycountry,andhadthesuperiorityandscaleofdevelopingrareearthindustrythroughprogressofmorethan40years.But,thesuperiorityofrareearthresourcehasnotturnedintotheeconomicsuperiority,andthedevelopmentofrareearthindustryinChinawithhighspeeddoesnotleadtohighbenefit.Therefore,ithasbecomethehotpointandvitaltasknowhowtosolvethemainproblemsofrareearthindustryinChinaandhowtomakeourrareearthindustrygrowhealthilyandsteadilythroughtransformingresources,adjustingstructure,escalatingindustry,bringingforthnewideasintechnology.Thestatusofde2velopmentofrareearthindustryinChinawasreviewed,anditsdevelopingdirectionandsuggestionwerepointedout.Keywords:rareearths;industry;development;study81827