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20091Jan.2009301(176)JournalofSportsandScienceVol.30No.1(TotalNo.176)3TheoreticalStudyonAthletePsychologicalRiskinCompetition1,2SHIYan1,WUHuipan2:,,,:;;;;:G804.87:A:1004-4590(2009)01-0057-07Abstract:Athletepsychologicalriskincompetitionisdefinedasthepossibilityoflowercompeti2tionresultsoccurswhenathletementalactivityisdisturbed.BasedonpsychologicalskillsfromAthletePsychologicalSkillsInventory,theathletepsychologicalriskincompetitioncanbeclassi2fiedassixfactors,namelyemotionrisk,motivationrisk,concentrationrisk,confidenceriskandharmonyabilityrisk.Thechecklistforathletepsychologicalriskincompetitionandtheevalua2tionscaleforathletepsychologicalriskincompetitionhadbeenestablished,andtherisktreat2menttacticsmainlyincludingriskavoidance,riskreductionandriskacceptancewerepointedout.Keywords:Athlete;psychologicalriskincompetition;riskidentification;riskassessment;risktreatment11.1,,(2004),,,[1]Brewer(2000),[2]Orlick(2002),,,,[3]1,,,,,,,1.2(Risk),,[4][5]753:2008-08-28:1.,,030006;2.,0300061200027,,393,2002191500,,1200337,,,,,,,200428,,200428,,,,2080,,(),(2004),(CompetitionRisk),,[6],,,,,,,(Psychologicalriskincompetition)22.12.1.1,,():(1);(2),,,[7],,,:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6);(7);(8);(9)[8],,,(),,,,[9],:,[10],,,[11],choking(2004,2005),choking[14-15](2004),,,,[16],(2003),,[17]2008,(2006),,[12](2008),[13],[18],851Lesyk(1998),:(1);(2);(3),,[19],[20-22](Katherine,2002;DarrenBrookfield,2004;DanielWann,2005),,,,[23](2)2Mahoney198819921993Smith,Schutz,Smoll&Ptacek1995Tokunaga&Isogai1996200020082.1.2,(,2008),[24],(1),,:(1)(EmotionRisk),,,(2)(MotivationRisk),,,,(3)(AttentionRisk),,,(4)(ConfidenceRisk),,,(5)(HarmonyabilityRisk),,,12.2,,,,[25]9513149513546,,,(3),33.1,,,,,,,3.2510[26],,,3,(RV),,,RV=PSC,P,S,C,,,,(4)41.,2.,,3.,,4.,5.,,6.7.,,8.1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.,4.,,5.(Paretoanalysis),,061,,,080%A,;80%90%B,;90%100%C,A,,,,4,,[27],,,,,,,,,,4.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.2,,(Riskavoidance)(Riskreduc2tion)(Riskacceptance)(Risktransfer),,,,,,,,,,,,();,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(5)16151.2.,3.,4.5.1.2.,,3.4.,5.1.2.3.1.,2.,1.,,2.,3.,4.,,1.,2.1.,,2.,,5,,,,,,,,,,,,,5(1)(2),(3),(4),,(5):[1].[J].,2004,24(8):1-6.[2]Hanin,Y.Emotionsinsport.Champaign,IL:HumanKinetics,2000.[3]TerryOrlick.ExcellingintheOlympiccontext.JournalofExcellence,2002(6):5-14.[4].[M]..:,2004.[5].[M].:,1999.[6],.[J].261,2004,40(5):23-26[7]AuweeleVD,MeleVV,RzewnickiR.Personalityandtheathlete.In:SingerRN,MurphyM,TennantLK(Eds).Handbookofsportpsychology,NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons,2001:239-268[8]GouldD,DieffenbachK,MoffettA.Psychologicalchar2acteristicsandtheirdevelopmentinOlympicChampions.JournalofAppliedSportPsychology,2002,27(2):47-57.[9]Williams,J.M.,&Krane,V.Psychologicalcharacteris2ticsofpeakperformance.InJ.M.Williams(Ed.),Ap2pliedsportpsychology:Personalgrowthtopeakperform2ance,MountainView,CA:Mayfield.1998:158-170.[10]GouldD,GuinanD,ChristyGreenleaf.AsurveyofU.S.Olympiccoaches:variablesperceivedtohaveinfluencedathleteperformancesandcoacheffectiveness.TheSportPsychologist,2002,16(3):147-155.[11]StevenR.Bray,MarcV.Jones,StephanieOwen.Theinfluenceofcompetitionlocationonathletespsychologi2calstates.JournalofSportBehavior,2002,25(3):67-74.[12].2008[J].,2006,29(6):721-725.[13],.[J].,2008,23(3):235-238.[14].:choking[J].,2004,36(5):621-629.[15].choking:[J].,2005,25(3):85-94.[16].[J].,2004,19(3):26-30.[17].[J].,2003,15(3):87-91.[18],,.[M].:,2000.[19]LesykJ.L.Mentalskillstrainingusingtheninementalskillsofsuccessfulathletesmodel.Worldcongressofsportpsychology,2001.[20]Katherine,Jullen.Mentalskillstrainingforchildrenandyoungathlete.JournalofExcellence,2002(7):67-73.[21]DarrenBrookfield.Psychologicalskillstraining.[22]DanielWann.Amethodforenhancingthepsychologicalskillsoftrackandfieldathletes.Sportpsychology,2005,26(4):231-235.[23].[M].,,.:,2003.[24].[D].,2008.[25]BenjaminJ,R,CornellC,A.Probability,statisticsanddecisionforcivilengineering.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1970.[26],.[J].,2006,27(6):36-40.[27]SlovicP.Perceptionofrisk.RiskAnalysis,1987,236(17):280-285.(88),,,,,,ISO9001,ISO9001,,4,ISO9001,,,,,,,,,,ISO9000:[1],.[J].,2008,(3).[2],,.ISO9000[J].,2006,(17).[3],ISO[N].,2001-11-05.[4],.ISO9001:2000[J].,2005,(2).[5],.[J].,2008-10-24.361